Organ description Flashcards
What do we check in every organ and in which order?
Shape
Size
Colour
Consistency
Cut surface: colour, structure, and moist content.
Oral cavity
Pale greyishred, smooth, shiny and intact
Spleen
normal shape and size: Cherry size
Dark brown colour
Flaccid,
CS: dark brown, structure recognizable,
medium moisture content, the
pulp can be scraped with medium effort
Bile duct
We check the patency of the bile duct.
Find the U-loop of the duodenum: descendens and ascendens. The bile duct is going into the duodenum ascendens, and we make a cut into this region. We gently press the gall bladder. If the bile duct is open, nothing obstructing it, we can see the bile going towards the lumen. We then separate the liver from the GI-tract.
Liver
shape and size, two lobes.
Dark brown colour,
medium firm consistency
CS: Dark-brown colour, medium moist content, visible structure, it can be easily teared
GI-tract
Stomachs are NOT to be separated from the intestines.
Open up the GI-tract from the opening of gizzard, continue to colo-rectum, then open up the caeca.
Pancreas
Can be found in between the U-loop of the duodenum. Separate all the loops of the intestines
Ileum is surrounded by two caeca.
How to open the stomachs?
Hold the stomach in your hand, the duodenum pointing downwards, in between the fingrrs. The gizzard is in your palm, the proventricular is lookin towards the thumb.
Make a small incision to the gizzard, into the muscles and we try not to open the lumen. check the content of the gizzard, remove most of it. We can then separate the coiling layer from the mucosae of the gizzard
Healthy mucosae: Easy separated, no attachments, no bleedings. (waterfowl: not easy to separate the coiling layers)
Open the proventriculus with a scissor
Proventriculus
Check the mucosa, the glands. Push the glands so we can see Smooth gastric juice.
Caeca
Creamy content, dark green colour.
Mucous membrane
colour, wrinkles, soundness, Peyer’s patches
Smooth, shiny
Lung
Two lobes.
normal shape and size, brick red,
softly elastic superficial and deep consistency, crepitating when cut
CS: pale brick red, medium moisture
content, medium airbubble content of the fluid
Pleura
smooth, shiny and transparent
Dissection of the heart
Open the heart with two parallell cuts next to the septum: one to the right side and one to the left side. We then turn the heart, and continue with the scissor. We open up the right side of the heart first, check the pulmonary artery and then we open the left side and check the aorta.
Heart
valve: thin, membranous, intact edge, they
can be lifted up from their base
chordae tendineae: tight, smooth surface,
adhere well to papillary muscles
pericardium: smooth, shiny, transparent,
moderately infiltrated with fat
epi- and endocardium: smooth, shiny,
transparent
myocardium: brownred, structure recognizable,
medium moisture content, it can be torn with
medium effort
Serous membrane:
Smooth, shiny, transparent
Esophagous
mucous membrane: greyish-white, longitudinal folds, shiny
Eyes
conjunctiva: pale rose-red, finely wrinkled,
shiny from tears, intact
cornea: convex, transparent, smooth, intact
sclera: white
How do we know if it is female or male?
Male: In most cases, we see two
If we do cut out one of the testicles, we can observe by the shape: bean shape, elongated
Female: Most commonly we only see one of the ovaries. So only one structures is observed.
One strucutre = Female
Two, bilateral structures = Male
Skeletal muscle
Pinkish
structure recognizable
Medium moisty
Medium easily tearable
Thyroid glands
Little dark and oval shaped structures at the entrance of the body cavity.
Dark brown
CS: gently granular, shiny
Kidney
Normal shape and size
Brownred colour
Smooth surface
Firm
CS: brownred
Thymus
7 lobes along the trachea
Pale brown colour
Cartilage of the joints
Intact, smooth, shiny and white
