Organ description Flashcards

1
Q

What do we check in every organ and in which order?

A

Shape
Size
Colour
Consistency
Cut surface: colour, structure, and moist content.

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2
Q

Oral cavity

A

Pale greyishred, smooth, shiny and intact

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3
Q

Spleen

A

normal shape and size: Cherry size
Dark brown colour
Flaccid,

CS: dark brown, structure recognizable,
medium moisture content, the
pulp can be scraped with medium effort

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4
Q

Bile duct

A

We check the patency of the bile duct.

Find the U-loop of the duodenum: descendens and ascendens. The bile duct is going into the duodenum ascendens, and we make a cut into this region. We gently press the gall bladder. If the bile duct is open, nothing obstructing it, we can see the bile going towards the lumen. We then separate the liver from the GI-tract.

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5
Q

Liver

A

shape and size, two lobes.
Dark brown colour,
medium firm consistency

CS: Dark-brown colour, medium moist content, visible structure, it can be easily teared

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6
Q

GI-tract

A

Stomachs are NOT to be separated from the intestines.

Open up the GI-tract from the opening of gizzard, continue to colo-rectum, then open up the caeca.

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7
Q

Pancreas

A

Can be found in between the U-loop of the duodenum. Separate all the loops of the intestines

Ileum is surrounded by two caeca.

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8
Q

How to open the stomachs?

A

Hold the stomach in your hand, the duodenum pointing downwards, in between the fingrrs. The gizzard is in your palm, the proventricular is lookin towards the thumb.

Make a small incision to the gizzard, into the muscles and we try not to open the lumen. check the content of the gizzard, remove most of it. We can then separate the coiling layer from the mucosae of the gizzard

Healthy mucosae: Easy separated, no attachments, no bleedings. (waterfowl: not easy to separate the coiling layers)

Open the proventriculus with a scissor

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9
Q

Proventriculus

A

Check the mucosa, the glands. Push the glands so we can see Smooth gastric juice.

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10
Q

Caeca

A

Creamy content, dark green colour.

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11
Q

Mucous membrane

A

colour, wrinkles, soundness, Peyer’s patches

Smooth, shiny

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12
Q

Lung

A

Two lobes.

normal shape and size, brick red,
softly elastic superficial and deep consistency, crepitating when cut

CS: pale brick red, medium moisture
content, medium airbubble content of the fluid

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13
Q

Pleura

A

smooth, shiny and transparent

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14
Q

Dissection of the heart

A

Open the heart with two parallell cuts next to the septum: one to the right side and one to the left side. We then turn the heart, and continue with the scissor. We open up the right side of the heart first, check the pulmonary artery and then we open the left side and check the aorta.

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15
Q

Heart

A

valve: thin, membranous, intact edge, they
can be lifted up from their base
chordae tendineae: tight, smooth surface,
adhere well to papillary muscles

pericardium: smooth, shiny, transparent,
moderately infiltrated with fat
epi- and endocardium: smooth, shiny,
transparent

myocardium: brownred, structure recognizable,
medium moisture content, it can be torn with
medium effort

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16
Q

Serous membrane:

A

Smooth, shiny, transparent

17
Q

Esophagous

A

mucous membrane: greyish-white, longitudinal folds, shiny

18
Q

Eyes

A

conjunctiva: pale rose-red, finely wrinkled,
shiny from tears, intact

cornea: convex, transparent, smooth, intact

sclera: white

19
Q

How do we know if it is female or male?

A

Male: In most cases, we see two
If we do cut out one of the testicles, we can observe by the shape: bean shape, elongated

Female: Most commonly we only see one of the ovaries. So only one structures is observed.

One strucutre = Female
Two, bilateral structures = Male

20
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Pinkish
structure recognizable
Medium moisty
Medium easily tearable

21
Q

Thyroid glands

A

Little dark and oval shaped structures at the entrance of the body cavity.

Dark brown
CS: gently granular, shiny

22
Q

Kidney

A

Normal shape and size
Brownred colour
Smooth surface
Firm
CS: brownred

23
Q

Thymus

A

7 lobes along the trachea

Pale brown colour

24
Q

Cartilage of the joints

A

Intact, smooth, shiny and white