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Paper 1 > PPVE > Flashcards

PPVE Flashcards

1
Q

Prima facie

A

Fidelity
Justice
Beneficence
Non-maleficence
Self-improvement

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2
Q

GMC 4 Domains of Good Med Practice

A

Knowledge/skills
Comms/teamwork
Safety and quality
Maintaining trust

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3
Q

Absolute duties examples

A

Do not lie
Do not kill innocents
Respect otherw

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4
Q

Absolute duties def

A

MORAL OBLIGATIONS which must always be fulfilled

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5
Q

Prima facie def

A

Moral obligations that are binding but may be overridden by pressing duties

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6
Q

Deontology

A

Follow rules

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7
Q

Utilitarianism/consequentialism

A

Focuses on result of an action

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8
Q

4 quadrant approach

A

Medical indications
Patient preferences
QOL
Contextual features

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9
Q

Valid consent

A

Informed
Pt has capacity
Voluntary
Ongoing

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10
Q

Acts that allow access to med records

A

Data protection act
Freedom of info
Access to medical records act

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11
Q

Data protection act 1998

A

Legal responsibility to keep med records confidential
Sharing is permissible for med purposes
Data anonymous unless consent given

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12
Q

Freedom of information act

A

NHS must provide info to public about itself and respond appropriately to requests of info

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13
Q

Access to medical records act

A

Allows individual to access medical records for employment or insurance purposes

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14
Q

Access to health records 1990

A

Provides some individuals with a statutory right to access medical records of deceased

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15
Q

Caldecott guardian

A

Person responsible for protecting confidentiality and ensuring proper storage of info

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16
Q

Formal curriculum

A

Intended, offered and endorsed by institution

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17
Q

Hidden curriculum

A

Unintended learning experiences within medical education

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18
Q

+ves for having access to Pts as learning resource

A

Entitled
Central to med education
Helps students engage in their own healthcare

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19
Q

-ves to having access to Pts as learning resource

A

Pts are at their most vulnerable
Higher risk of harm
Staff conflict
Informed and valid consent hard to elicit

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20
Q

Whistleblowing def

A

Drs have a professional duty to report colleagues suspected of unfit practice to the GMC

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21
Q

Public interest disclosure act 1998

A

Protects whistleblowers against detriment from their employer

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22
Q

Mid-Staffordshire hospital scandal

A

A decreased budget and institutional pressure caused an increase in the number of Pt deaths

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23
Q

Francis report recommendations

A

Pt put first
Pt protected from avoidable harm
Complaints must be handled effectively
Must be open and transparent when things go wrong

24
Q

Duty of Candour

A

Positive legal obligation under health and social care act 2008

Duty of staff to tell Pts about safety incidents

25
Q

Truth telling

A

Being open and forthright w Pts

26
Q

Lying

A

Making a deliberate false statement

27
Q

Deceptions

A

Causing someone to believe something that is false

28
Q

Evasion

A

Deception through irrelevant true statements w the goal of avoiding upset

29
Q

Euphemism

A

Word or phrase used to avoid saying something potentially upsetting or offensive

30
Q

Therapeutic privilege

A

Entitlement to withhold info from a Pt when it is feared that disclosure would cause immediate or serious harm

31
Q

Autonomous right not to know

A

Pt have an autonomous right to request not to know information about their health. if they have capacity

32
Q

Mental state

A

Wellbeing defined in terms of how we’re feeling mentally

33
Q

Desire-fulfillment

A

Wellbeing consists of desires being fulfilled and desires restricted

Ones revolving around life take priority in best interests

34
Q

-ves of best interests

A

Can be very vague and subjective

35
Q

Complications def

A

Undesirable and unintended direct result if surgery which wouldn’t have happened had the surgery gone as well as hoped

36
Q

Error def

A

Event that would t have happened if all procedures were followed

37
Q

Never events

A

Events that can cause serious harm or death that are entirely preventable

38
Q

Near misses

A

Adverse events that had potential to cause harm but didn’t

39
Q

Negligence causes

A

Judgement errors rather than honest mistakes

40
Q

Negligence criteria

A

Practitioner owed a duty of care

Duty of care breached

Breach of care caused the harm

41
Q

Criteria when gaining consent for surgical procedures

A

Warn Pts of risk
Detail common consequences
Mention surgical risks
Tell the truth

42
Q

Bristol Heart Scandal

A

Higher death rates amongst babies requiring cardiac surgery

Lifted lid on “old boys culture”

43
Q

Recommendations following Bristol Heart Scandal

A

Involve pts/public more
External monitoring of services
Root out unsafe practices and learn from errors

44
Q

Clinical governance

A

Framework used in NHS for improving quality of services & ensuring high standard of care

45
Q

Elements of clinical governance

A

Education/training
Clinical audit
Research and development
Risk management
Info management

46
Q

Health and social care act

A

Legislated a reorganisation of the NHS
Clinicians put commissioning
Aim to empower Pts
Need for improvements

47
Q

Commissioning cycle

A

Evaluate
Initiate
INVx
Collaborate
Incubate
Negotiate
Activate
Consolidate
Restart

48
Q

What did Harry Shipman do?

A

Forged wills of several Pts and then killed the Pts w/ morphine

49
Q

What happened after Harry Shipman?

A

Reform of death certificates

50
Q

Genetic counselling def

A

Process of providing info to families affected by genetic disorders so they can understand their available options

51
Q

Genetic counselling +ves

A

Increases Pt autonomy
Non-judgemental
Potential to reduce. Occurrence of serious genetic conditions

52
Q

Genetic counselling -ves

A

Difficult process
New area of medicine
Conflict
Impact on insurance

53
Q

Cultural relativism

A

Idea that there are no absolute morals or truth

54
Q

Descriptive relativism

A

Account of differences in moral standards and beliefs

55
Q

Cultural imperialism

A

Culture of one community pushed onto another

56
Q

What does NICE do?

A

Produces guidance for England and Wales on technology appraisals, clinical guidance, and interventional procedures

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