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Paper 1 > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Beta blocker suffix

A

olol

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2
Q

CCB suffix

A

apine

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3
Q

ACEi suffix

A

pril

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4
Q

What class of anti-arrhythmic drug is a BB

A

Class II

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5
Q

What class of anti-arrhythmic drug is a CCB

A

Class IV

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6
Q

BB drug action type

A

Beta receptor antagonist

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7
Q

BB effect

A

Inhibit sympathetic stimulation of heart

Dec HR
Dec force of contraction

Therefore, dec. cardiac demand for O2.

Can also cause dec PVR & inhibit renin release

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8
Q

BB SEs

A

Bronchoconstriction
Fatigue
Coldness of extremities
Impotence
Sleep disturbances

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9
Q

BB Contraindications

A

Uncontrolled HF
Asthma
Sick sinus syndrome

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10
Q

CCB effect

A

Inhibits voltage gate Ca2+ channels in heart and smooth muscle of arterioles

Inhibit Ca2+ entry at SAN & AVN - Dec HR

Smooth muscle dilation- Dec BP& dilates coronary vessels in angina

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11
Q

CCB SEs

A

bradycardia
hypotension
worsen HF
ankle swelling**
Verapamil can cause constipation

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12
Q

Statin effect

A

Inhibit cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase

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13
Q

Statin SEs

A

Headaches
GI disturbance
Hepatotoxicity
Hyperglycaemia

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14
Q

Statin contraindications

A

Pregnancy
Breastfeeding
Liver disease

Do not prescribe w/ CYP 3A4 inhibitors e.g. macrolides

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15
Q

When are cardiac glycosides used?

A

in A Fib

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16
Q

Cardiac glycoside effect

A

Inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase - inc intracellular Ca2+ conc.

Also inc vagal activity - dec HR

17
Q

Cardiac glycoside SEs

A

inc vagal activity - arrhythmia, conduction disturbances
GI upset
Dizziness
Blurred vision
Gynaecomastia (long term use)

18
Q

Corticosteroid (inhaled) effect

A

Dec proliferation of T cells, mast cells, and eosinophils
Dec mucus production & cytokine production
Relaxes smooth muscle

19
Q

Corticosteroid (inhaled) SEs

A

Suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
Hoarse voice
Inc risk of oral thrush
Common steroid effects (e.g. HTN, weight gain, etc.)

20
Q

LTRA effect

A

Inhibit the breakdown of LTA4 into other inflammatory compounds

Therefore, don not get as much bronchoconstriction

21
Q

LTRA SEs

A

Liver impairment with elevated LFTs
Depressed mood and suicidal thoughts

22
Q

B2-adrenoreceptor antagonists SEs

A

Muscle tremors and nervousness
Palpitations (due to B1 activity)
Hypokalaemia

23
Q

M3 muscarinic antagonist effect

A

Antagonise ACh on M3 - stops bronchoconstriction& inhibits bronchial secretions

24
Q

M3 muscarinic antagonist SEs

A

Anticholinergic effects - dry eyes and mouth, drowsiness, and constipation

Worsen glaucoma

Urine retention

25
Q

Beta 2 adrenergic receptor responsibilities

A

Bronchodilation
Vasodilation
GI relaxation

26
Q

Beta 1 adrenergic receptor responsibilities

A

Inc HR
Inc renin

27
Q

Alpha 1 adrenergic receptor responsibilities

A

Vasoconstriction
GI smooth muscle contraction
Ejaculation
Gland secretion

28
Q

Alpha 2 adrenergic receptor responsibilities

A

Dec insulin
Vasoconstriction
Platelet aggregation

29
Q

ACEi effect

A

Inhibits ACE
Stops breakdown of bradykinin

Results in venodilation & natriuresis (helps dec cardiac preload & afterload)

30
Q

ACEi SEs

A

Hypotension
Renal impairment & hyperkalaemia
Persistent dry cough (due to bradykinIn buildup)
Angioedema

31
Q

ACEi contraindications

A

Pregnancy
Breastfeeding

32
Q

PPI suffix

A

azole

33
Q

PPI effect

A

Inhibits parietal cell H+/K+-ATPase proton pump

34
Q

PPI SEs

A

Hyponatraemia
Hypomagnesaemia
Osteoporosis
C.Diff infections

35
Q

H2 antagonist suffix

A

tidine

36
Q

H2 antagonist effect

A

Block histamine H2 receptor on parietal cells

Therefore Dec GA

37
Q

H2 antagonist SEs

A

Headache
GI disturbances

38
Q

Antacids (sodium bicarb) SEs

A

Fluid retention
Alter bioavailability of other drugs

39
Q
A

Paper 1 (26 decks)

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