Pharmacology Flashcards
Beta blocker suffix
olol
CCB suffix
apine
ACEi suffix
pril
What class of anti-arrhythmic drug is a BB
Class II
What class of anti-arrhythmic drug is a CCB
Class IV
BB drug action type
Beta receptor antagonist
BB effect
Inhibit sympathetic stimulation of heart
Dec HR
Dec force of contraction
Therefore, dec. cardiac demand for O2.
Can also cause dec PVR & inhibit renin release
BB SEs
Bronchoconstriction
Fatigue
Coldness of extremities
Impotence
Sleep disturbances
BB Contraindications
Uncontrolled HF
Asthma
Sick sinus syndrome
CCB effect
Inhibits voltage gate Ca2+ channels in heart and smooth muscle of arterioles
Inhibit Ca2+ entry at SAN & AVN - Dec HR
Smooth muscle dilation- Dec BP& dilates coronary vessels in angina
CCB SEs
bradycardia
hypotension
worsen HF
ankle swelling**
Verapamil can cause constipation
Statin effect
Inhibit cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase
Statin SEs
Headaches
GI disturbance
Hepatotoxicity
Hyperglycaemia
Statin contraindications
Pregnancy
Breastfeeding
Liver disease
Do not prescribe w/ CYP 3A4 inhibitors e.g. macrolides
When are cardiac glycosides used?
in A Fib
Cardiac glycoside effect
Inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase - inc intracellular Ca2+ conc.
Also inc vagal activity - dec HR
Cardiac glycoside SEs
inc vagal activity - arrhythmia, conduction disturbances
GI upset
Dizziness
Blurred vision
Gynaecomastia (long term use)
Corticosteroid (inhaled) effect
Dec proliferation of T cells, mast cells, and eosinophils
Dec mucus production & cytokine production
Relaxes smooth muscle
Corticosteroid (inhaled) SEs
Suppression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
Hoarse voice
Inc risk of oral thrush
Common steroid effects (e.g. HTN, weight gain, etc.)
LTRA effect
Inhibit the breakdown of LTA4 into other inflammatory compounds
Therefore, don not get as much bronchoconstriction
LTRA SEs
Liver impairment with elevated LFTs
Depressed mood and suicidal thoughts
B2-adrenoreceptor antagonists SEs
Muscle tremors and nervousness
Palpitations (due to B1 activity)
Hypokalaemia
M3 muscarinic antagonist effect
Antagonise ACh on M3 - stops bronchoconstriction& inhibits bronchial secretions
M3 muscarinic antagonist SEs
Anticholinergic effects - dry eyes and mouth, drowsiness, and constipation
Worsen glaucoma
Urine retention
Beta 2 adrenergic receptor responsibilities
Bronchodilation
Vasodilation
GI relaxation
Beta 1 adrenergic receptor responsibilities
Inc HR
Inc renin
Alpha 1 adrenergic receptor responsibilities
Vasoconstriction
GI smooth muscle contraction
Ejaculation
Gland secretion
Alpha 2 adrenergic receptor responsibilities
Dec insulin
Vasoconstriction
Platelet aggregation
ACEi effect
Inhibits ACE
Stops breakdown of bradykinin
Results in venodilation & natriuresis (helps dec cardiac preload & afterload)
ACEi SEs
Hypotension
Renal impairment & hyperkalaemia
Persistent dry cough (due to bradykinIn buildup)
Angioedema
ACEi contraindications
Pregnancy
Breastfeeding
PPI suffix
azole
PPI effect
Inhibits parietal cell H+/K+-ATPase proton pump
PPI SEs
Hyponatraemia
Hypomagnesaemia
Osteoporosis
C.Diff infections
H2 antagonist suffix
tidine
H2 antagonist effect
Block histamine H2 receptor on parietal cells
Therefore Dec GA
H2 antagonist SEs
Headache
GI disturbances
Antacids (sodium bicarb) SEs
Fluid retention
Alter bioavailability of other drugs
