HCS

Question 1

Compliance Def.

Answer 1

Extent to which a person’s behaviours matches prescribers recommendations

Question 2

Adherence Def.

Answer 2

Extent to which a person behaviour matches AGREED recommendations

Question 3

Concordance Def

Answer 3

Doctor and patient agree on therapeutic decisions

Question 4

Race Def.

Answer 4

Contested category rather than biological difference

Question 5

Ethnicity Def.

Answer 5

Group of people that share ancestry, language, or culture.

Question 6

Culture Def.

Answer 6

Set of guidelines that people inherit as part of a particular society.

Question 7

Fatalism Def.

Answer 7

Low control over their life
- Not optimistic about future
- Low control over health improvement

Question 8

Short-termism Def.

Answer 8

Favouring short term projects for immediate profits.

Question 9

Illness Beliefs

Answer 9

Belief an individual has about their illness.
- Symptoms can be perceived differently

Question 10

Illness Behaviour

Answer 10

How people interpret and define their symptoms and their actions in coping w/ illness.

Question 11

Health-related behaviour.

Answer 11

Lifestyle choices made when you have an increase in mortality rate.

Question 12

Cognitive Health Model of Anxiety

Answer 12

1. Previoosu experience forms bad memory
2. Create a pocket of info about memory
3. New symptom = overthinking
4. -ve automatic thoughts

Question 13

Zola’s 5 Triggers

Answer 13

1. Interpersonal Crisis
2. Perceived interference w/ physical activity
3. Perceived interference with social relations
4. Sanctioning - peer pressure
5. Temporalising symptoms

Question 14

Mechanic & Volkart

Answer 14

• Familiarity of symptoms
• Amount of loss that may come from illness
• Predictability of outcome of illness.

Question 15

Illness Belief Models (2)

Answer 15

• Zola’s 5 Triggers
• Mechanic & Volkart

Question 16

Health Belief Model

Answer 16

1. Perceived Threats
2. Perceived benefits
3. Perceived barriers
4. Cues to action

Question 17

Theories of addiction

Answer 17

• Genetic
• Exposure
• Experimental
• Disease

Question 18

Breaking bad news

Answer 18

SPIKES

Set up consultation
Perception
Invitation
Knowledge & info
Emotion
Summarise

Question 19

Discreditable stigma

Answer 19

Not known and can be hidden

Question 20

Discredited stigma

Answer 20

Can’t be hidden

Question 21

Felt stigma

Answer 21

Feeling of shame w/ fear of enacted - fearing discrimination

Question 22

Enacted stigma

Answer 22

Experience of prejudice & discrimination

Question 23

Transactional Model of Stress and Coping
(Lazarus and Folkman)

Answer 23

1. Primary appraisal
   - Is anything at risk?
   - How bad is it?
2. Secondary appraisal
   - Internal coping options and external coping.
3. Coping
   - Problem-focused
   - Emotion-focused

Question 24

Theory of Planned Behaviour

Answer 24

1. Intentions are the strongest determinants of behaviour
2. Intentions affected by:
   - Attitudes
   - Subjective norm
   - Perceived behavioural control

Question 25

Transtheoretical Model of Change

Answer 25

Pre-contemplation Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance Relapse

Question 26

Social Cognitive Theory

Answer 26

Determines human behaviour - Personal factors - Behavioural factors - Environmental factors

Question 27

Kubler-Ross

Answer 27

*Grief* DABDA Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance

Question 28

Model for Coping

Answer 28

DNARA Denial Normalising Avoidance Resignation Accommodation

Question 29

Freudian Theory

Answer 29

Mourners withdraw from the world so detachment can be a gradual process.

Question 30

Behavioural responses to health anxiety

Answer 30

- Avoidance of things that could cause worry - Repeated sel checking - Safety - sometimes pre-medicate - Reassurance sought from family/friends.

Question 31

Non-aherence impacts

Answer 31

Expensive to NHS Not receiving best treatment

Question 32

Influence to adherence

Answer 32

- Increase likelihood of adherence if paying for meds themselves - Pt. beliefs

Question 33

Unintentional non-adherence

Answer 33

Capacity limitations that prevents pt. following treatment. e.g. memory loss cost dexterity

Question 34

Causes of hyperchondriasis

Answer 34

Illness experience Media Illness in social circle Unsatisfactory medical Mgx in Pt. or family.

Question 35

Hyperchondriasis Def.

Answer 35

Manifestation of severe & constant anxiety focusing on health. - Tend to misinterpret symptoms as severe illness

Question 36

Effects of "risk" label

Answer 36

- Lifestyle diseases incur blame - Risk of overdiagnosis - Little understanding of social determinants of health

Question 37

Risk Identity

Answer 37

Risk - component to how people manage their health and lives At risk - viewed and experienced as illness

Question 38

+ves of risk identity

Answer 38

Knowledge of risk factors Person empowered to make lifestyle changes

Question 39

-ves of risk identity

Answer 39

Some risk factors can't be changed e.g. age, sex Health inequalities can impact +ve effects Uncertainty for Pt.

Question 40

Risk reminders

Answer 40

Meds Screening tests Test results Meal times

Question 41

Surveillance Medicine

Answer 41

(Health Promotion) Surveys, screening, and health campaigns Monitor, regulate, and induce good health habits. - Targets everyone - Looks at risk factors, not symptoms

Question 42

Surveillance Medicine +ves

Answer 42

Identify problems early Predict disease and death Saves money

Question 43

Risk and medicalisation

Answer 43

- Increased medical contact - Treated through meds, behaviour modification & surgical intervention

Question 44

Anxiety Def.

Answer 44

Reaction to perceived threat

Question 45

Doctor rights in sick role

Answer 45

Access to taboo areas Respected by society

Question 46

Pt. rights in sick role

Answer 46

Exemption from normal responsibilties Not held responsible for illness

Question 47

Doctor obligations in sick role

Answer 47

Clinically competent Affectively neutral

Question 48

Pt. obligations in sick role

Answer 48

Motivation to get better Seek out medical help & cooperate

Question 49

-ves of sick role

Answer 49

Does not account for chronic illnesses