HCS Flashcards
Compliance Def.
Extent to which a person’s behaviours matches prescribers recommendations
Adherence Def.
Extent to which a person behaviour matches AGREED recommendations
Concordance Def
Doctor and patient agree on therapeutic decisions
Race Def.
Contested category rather than biological difference
Ethnicity Def.
Group of people that share ancestry, language, or culture.
Culture Def.
Set of guidelines that people inherit as part of a particular society.
Fatalism Def.
Low control over their life
- Not optimistic about future
- Low control over health improvement
Short-termism Def.
Favouring short term projects for immediate profits.
Illness Beliefs
Belief an individual has about their illness.
- Symptoms can be perceived differently
Illness Behaviour
How people interpret and define their symptoms and their actions in coping w/ illness.
Health-related behaviour.
Lifestyle choices made when you have an increase in mortality rate.
Cognitive Health Model of Anxiety
- Previoosu experience forms bad memory
- Create a pocket of info about memory
- New symptom = overthinking
- -ve automatic thoughts
Zola’s 5 Triggers
- Interpersonal Crisis
- Perceived interference w/ physical activity
- Perceived interference with social relations
- Sanctioning - peer pressure
- Temporalising symptoms
Mechanic & Volkart
- Familiarity of symptoms
- Amount of loss that may come from illness
- Predictability of outcome of illness.
Illness Belief Models (2)
- Zola’s 5 Triggers
- Mechanic & Volkart
Health Belief Model
- Perceived Threats
- Perceived benefits
- Perceived barriers
- Cues to action
Theories of addiction
- Genetic
- Exposure
- Experimental
- Disease
Breaking bad news
SPIKES
Set up consultation
Perception
Invitation
Knowledge & info
Emotion
Summarise
Discreditable stigma
Not known and can be hidden
Discredited stigma
Can’t be hidden
Felt stigma
Feeling of shame w/ fear of enacted - fearing discrimination
Enacted stigma
Experience of prejudice & discrimination
Transactional Model of Stress and Coping
(Lazarus and Folkman)
- Primary appraisal
- Is anything at risk?
- How bad is it? - Secondary appraisal
- Internal coping options and external coping. - Coping
- Problem-focused
- Emotion-focused
Theory of Planned Behaviour
- Intentions are the strongest determinants of behaviour
- Intentions affected by:
- Attitudes
- Subjective norm
- Perceived behavioural control
Transtheoretical Model of Change
Pre-contemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance
Relapse
Social Cognitive Theory
Determines human behaviour
- Personal factors
- Behavioural factors
- Environmental factors
Kubler-Ross
Grief
DABDA
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
Model for Coping
DNARA
Denial
Normalising
Avoidance
Resignation
Accommodation
Freudian Theory
Mourners withdraw from the world so detachment can be a gradual process.
Behavioural responses to health anxiety
- Avoidance of things that could cause worry
- Repeated sel checking
- Safety - sometimes pre-medicate
- Reassurance sought from family/friends.
Non-aherence impacts
Expensive to NHS
Not receiving best treatment
Influence to adherence
- Increase likelihood of adherence if paying for meds themselves
- Pt. beliefs
Unintentional non-adherence
Capacity limitations that prevents pt. following treatment.
e.g.
memory loss
cost
dexterity
Causes of hyperchondriasis
Illness experience
Media
Illness in social circle
Unsatisfactory medical Mgx in Pt. or family.
Hyperchondriasis Def.
Manifestation of severe & constant anxiety focusing on health.
- Tend to misinterpret symptoms as severe illness
Effects of “risk” label
- Lifestyle diseases incur blame
- Risk of overdiagnosis
- Little understanding of social determinants of health
Risk Identity
Risk - component to how people manage their health and lives
At risk - viewed and experienced as illness
+ves of risk identity
Knowledge of risk factors
Person empowered to make lifestyle changes
-ves of risk identity
Some risk factors can’t be changed e.g. age, sex
Health inequalities can impact +ve effects
Uncertainty for Pt.
Risk reminders
Meds
Screening tests
Test results
Meal times
Surveillance Medicine
(Health Promotion)
Surveys, screening, and health campaigns
Monitor, regulate, and induce good health habits.
- Targets everyone
- Looks at risk factors, not symptoms
Surveillance Medicine +ves
Identify problems early
Predict disease and death
Saves money
Risk and medicalisation
- Increased medical contact
- Treated through meds, behaviour modification & surgical intervention
Anxiety Def.
Reaction to perceived threat
Doctor rights in sick role
Access to taboo areas
Respected by society
Pt. rights in sick role
Exemption from normal responsibilties
Not held responsible for illness
Doctor obligations in sick role
Clinically competent
Affectively neutral
Pt. obligations in sick role
Motivation to get better
Seek out medical help & cooperate
-ves of sick role
Does not account for chronic illnesses
