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HEMA 1: LEC > Ppt Part 2 > Flashcards

Ppt Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

STEM CELL THEORY
•YEAR- Till and McCulloch:

A

1961

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2
Q

Stem cell theory by

A

Till and McCulloh

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3
Q

= COLONIES of HSCs

A

Aplastic Mice + Intravenous injection of marrows

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4
Q

(CFU-S)

A

COLONY-FORMING UNITS-SPLEEN

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5
Q

• Capable of self-renewal and production of differentiated progeny

A

COLONY-FORMING UNITS-SPLEEN (CFU-S)

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6
Q

• NOW: committed myeloid progenitors or colony-forming unit-granulocyte, erythrocyte, monocyte, and megakaryocyte (CFU-GEMM)

A

COLONY-FORMING UNITS-SPLEEN (CFU-S)

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7
Q

Unrecognizable hematopoietic progenitor

• 2 Major Types:

A

Non committed or Undifferentiated HSCs

Committed Progenitor cells

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8
Q

: can differentiate into progenitor cells committed to either lymphoid or myeloid lineages

A

Undifferentiated HSC

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9
Q

Undifferentiated HSC: can differentiate into progenitor cells committed to either

A

lymphoid or myeloid lineages

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10
Q

2 Theories

A

Monophyletic theory (widely accepted theory)

Polyphyletic theory

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11
Q

•HSCs 3 Possible fates:

A

Self renewal
Differentiation
Apoptosis

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12
Q

• HSC: 2 divides to…

A

2 identical daughter cells

(symmetric division/asymmetric division/ apoptosis)

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13
Q

• A group of specific glycoproteins

A

CYTOKINES & GROWTH FACTORS

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14
Q

CYTOKINES & GROWTH FACTORS

• A group of specific_______

A

glycoproteins

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15
Q

• Regulate the proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of hematopoietic precursor cells

A

CYTOKINES & GROWTH FACTORS

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16
Q

• Responsible for stimulation or inhibition of production, differentiation and trafficking of mature blood cells and their precursors

A

CYTOKINES

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17
Q

• Diverse group of soluble proteins that have direct & indirect effects on HSC

A

CYTOKINES

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18
Q

CYTOKINES

• Responsible for stimulation or inhibition of…

A

production, differentiation and trafficking of mature blood cells and their precursors

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19
Q

Examples of CYTOKINES

A

Interleukins (IL)
lymphokine
monokines
interferons
chemokines
CSFs

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20
Q

: Kit ligand, FLT3 ligand, GM-CSFIL1,IL3,IL6,IL11

A

POSITIVE INFLUENCE

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21
Q

: Transforming factor B, TNF a, interferons

A

NEGATIVE INFLUENCE

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22
Q

POSITIVE INFLUENCE:

A

Kit ligand
FLT3 ligand
GM-CSF
IL1
IL3
IL6
IL11

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23
Q

NEGATIVE INFLUENCE

A

Transforming factor B
TNF a
interferons

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24
Q

CYTOKINES
• Prevent precursor cells from dying by…

A

inhibiting apoptosis

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25
Q

• Prevent precursor cells from dying by inhibiting apoptosis, decreasing the transit time (cell cycle), they regulate cell differentiation into the various cell lineages.

A

CYTOKINES

26
Q

• Programmed cell death
• Normal physiologic process that eliminates unwanted abnormal, or harmful cells.

A

APOPTOSIS

27
Q

= APOPTOSIS IS INITIATED WHEN

A

NO APPROPRIATE CYTOKINE

28
Q

• Produced by many different cells
• High specificity for their target cells
• Active at low concentrations

A

Colony-Stimulating Factors

29
Q

” Names of indicate the predominant cells lines that respond to their presence

A

Colony stimulating factor

30
Q

CSF FOR - granulocytic cell line

A

• G-CSF

Granulocyte colony stimulating factor

31
Q

CSF FOR- targets the granulocyte-monocytic cell

A

• GM- CSF

Granulocyte monocyte colony stimulating factor

32
Q

CSF

Works synergistically with ______to enhance_______ colony formation

A

IL-3

megakaryocyte

33
Q

… described early acting growth factors (multilineage)

intermediate-acting growth factors (multilineage)

late-acting growth factors(lineage restricted)

A

Ogawa

34
Q

KIT ligand (aka:_______)

A

Stem CellFactor (SCF)

35
Q

Stem CellFactor (SCF) aka

A

KIT ligand

36
Q

• Early-acting growth factor

A

KIT ligand (aka: Stem Cel Factor (SCF))

37
Q

receptor of KIT ligand

A

transmembrane KIT

38
Q

: receptor type tyrosine-protein kinase that is expressed on HSC is down regulated with differentation

A

KIT

39
Q

= STIMULATE cell to proliferate = essential in the early stages of hematopoiesis

A

• KIT LIGAND + KIT

40
Q

Early-Acting Multilineage Growth Factors

A

KIT Ligand
Interleukin 3
FLT3 - Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3

41
Q

-Is also a receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase.

A

Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3

FLT3

42
Q

•_____ and ______ works synergistically with IL3, GM-CSF, and other cytokines = Promote early HSC proliferation and differentiation

A

KIT ligand and FLT3 ligand

43
Q

• Regulates blood cell production by controlling the production, differentiation, and function of granulocyte ad macrophages

A

IL 3

44
Q

Interleukins
Characteristics:

A
  1. Protein that exhibit multiple biologic activities
  2. They have synergistic interactions with other cytokines
  3. They are part of interacting systems amplification potential
  4. They are effective at very low concentration
45
Q

ERYTHROPOIESIS
• Occurs in the

A

bone marrow

46
Q

ERYTHROPOIESIS

: gives rise to earliest identifiable colony of RBC (burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E))

A

• CFU-GEMM

colony forming unit – granulocyte, erythrocyte, monocyte, megakaryocyte

47
Q

ERYTHROPOIESIS

: produces a large multi-clustered colony resembles a cluster of grapes containing brightly colored hemoglobin

• Contain few receptor for EPO

A

• BFU-E

(burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E))

48
Q

• Many EPO receptor & has an absolute requirement for EPO
• Responsive to low levels of EPO

A

CFU-E:

colony-forming unit-erythroid

49
Q

ERYTHROPOIESIS

glycoprotein produced in the renal peritubular interstitial cells

A

EPO

Erythropoietin

50
Q

• EPO: glycoprotein produced in the

A

renal peritubular interstitial cells

51
Q

LEUKOPOIESIS
• 2 MAJOR CATEGORIES:

A

MYELOPOIESIS & LYMPHOPOIESIS

52
Q

LEUKOPOIESIS

: stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of neutrophil and macrophage colonies from CFU-GM

A

• GM-CSF

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)

53
Q

LEUKOPOIESIS

: stimulate the neutrophil & monocyte from CFU-G & CFU-M

A

G-CSF & M-CSF

54
Q

LEUKOPOIESIS

multi-lineage stimulating factor

A

IL3

55
Q

LEUKOPOIESIS

EOSINOPHIL: require

A

GM-CSF
IL5
IL3

56
Q

LEUKOPOIESIS

BASOPHIL:

A

IL3
KIT ligand

57
Q

LEUKOPOIESIS

• Promoting lymphoid differentiation:

A

IL2,IL7,IL12 & IL5, IL4, IL10,IL13, IL14,IL16

58
Q

• Influences megakryopoiesis

A

• GM-CSF, IL-3, IL6,IL11, KIT Ligand and TPO

59
Q

Megakaryopoiesis: stimulating hormonal factor (aka MPL Ligand)

A

TPO

Thrombopoieitin

60
Q

Megakaryopoiesis

•______: controls the production and release of platelets

A

IL 11

61
Q

Megakaryopoiesis

•_____: major site of TPO

A

LIVER

HEMA 1: LEC (12 decks)

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