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HEMA 1: LEC > Ppt Part 2 > Flashcards

Ppt Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

STEM CELL THEORY
•YEAR- Till and McCulloch:

A

1961

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2
Q

Stem cell theory by

A

Till and McCulloh

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3
Q

= COLONIES of HSCs

A

Aplastic Mice + Intravenous injection of marrows

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4
Q

(CFU-S)

A

COLONY-FORMING UNITS-SPLEEN

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5
Q

• Capable of self-renewal and production of differentiated progeny

A

COLONY-FORMING UNITS-SPLEEN (CFU-S)

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6
Q

• NOW: committed myeloid progenitors or colony-forming unit-granulocyte, erythrocyte, monocyte, and megakaryocyte (CFU-GEMM)

A

COLONY-FORMING UNITS-SPLEEN (CFU-S)

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7
Q

Unrecognizable hematopoietic progenitor

• 2 Major Types:

A

Non committed or Undifferentiated HSCs

Committed Progenitor cells

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8
Q

: can differentiate into progenitor cells committed to either lymphoid or myeloid lineages

A

Undifferentiated HSC

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9
Q

Undifferentiated HSC: can differentiate into progenitor cells committed to either

A

lymphoid or myeloid lineages

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10
Q

2 Theories

A

Monophyletic theory (widely accepted theory)

Polyphyletic theory

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11
Q

•HSCs 3 Possible fates:

A

Self renewal
Differentiation
Apoptosis

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12
Q

• HSC: 2 divides to…

A

2 identical daughter cells

(symmetric division/asymmetric division/ apoptosis)

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13
Q

• A group of specific glycoproteins

A

CYTOKINES & GROWTH FACTORS

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14
Q

CYTOKINES & GROWTH FACTORS

• A group of specific_______

A

glycoproteins

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15
Q

• Regulate the proliferation, differentiation, and maturation of hematopoietic precursor cells

A

CYTOKINES & GROWTH FACTORS

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16
Q

• Responsible for stimulation or inhibition of production, differentiation and trafficking of mature blood cells and their precursors

A

CYTOKINES

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17
Q

• Diverse group of soluble proteins that have direct & indirect effects on HSC

A

CYTOKINES

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18
Q

CYTOKINES

• Responsible for stimulation or inhibition of…

A

production, differentiation and trafficking of mature blood cells and their precursors

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19
Q

Examples of CYTOKINES

A

Interleukins (IL)
lymphokine
monokines
interferons
chemokines
CSFs

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20
Q

: Kit ligand, FLT3 ligand, GM-CSFIL1,IL3,IL6,IL11

A

POSITIVE INFLUENCE

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21
Q

: Transforming factor B, TNF a, interferons

A

NEGATIVE INFLUENCE

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22
Q

POSITIVE INFLUENCE:

A

Kit ligand
FLT3 ligand
GM-CSF
IL1
IL3
IL6
IL11

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23
Q

NEGATIVE INFLUENCE

A

Transforming factor B
TNF a
interferons

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24
Q

CYTOKINES
• Prevent precursor cells from dying by…

A

inhibiting apoptosis

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25
• Prevent precursor cells from dying by inhibiting apoptosis, decreasing the transit time (cell cycle), they regulate cell differentiation into the various cell lineages.
CYTOKINES
26
• Programmed cell death • Normal physiologic process that eliminates unwanted abnormal, or harmful cells.
APOPTOSIS
27
= APOPTOSIS IS INITIATED WHEN
NO APPROPRIATE CYTOKINE
28
• Produced by many different cells • High specificity for their target cells • Active at low concentrations
Colony-Stimulating Factors
29
" Names of indicate the predominant cells lines that respond to their presence
Colony stimulating factor
30
CSF FOR - granulocytic cell line
• G-CSF Granulocyte colony stimulating factor
31
CSF FOR- targets the granulocyte-monocytic cell
• GM- CSF Granulocyte monocyte colony stimulating factor
32
CSF Works synergistically with ______to enhance_______ colony formation
IL-3 megakaryocyte
33
… described ***early acting growth factors (multilineage)*** ***intermediate-acting growth factors (multilineage)*** ***late-acting growth factors(lineage restricted)***
Ogawa
34
KIT ligand (aka:_______)
Stem CellFactor (SCF)
35
Stem CellFactor (SCF) aka
KIT ligand
36
• Early-acting growth factor
KIT ligand (aka: Stem Cel Factor (SCF))
37
receptor of KIT ligand
transmembrane KIT
38
: receptor type tyrosine-protein kinase that is expressed on HSC is down regulated with differentation
KIT
39
= STIMULATE cell to proliferate = essential in the early stages of hematopoiesis
• KIT LIGAND + KIT
40
Early-Acting Multilineage Growth Factors
KIT Ligand Interleukin 3 FLT3 - Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3
41
-Is also a receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase.
Fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 FLT3
42
•_____ and ______ works synergistically with IL3, GM-CSF, and other cytokines = Promote early HSC proliferation and differentiation
KIT ligand and FLT3 ligand
43
• Regulates blood cell production by controlling the production, differentiation, and function of granulocyte ad macrophages
IL 3
44
Interleukins Characteristics:
1. Protein that exhibit multiple biologic activities 2. They have synergistic interactions with other cytokines 3. They are part of interacting systems amplification potential 4. They are effective at very low concentration
45
ERYTHROPOIESIS • Occurs in the
bone marrow
46
ERYTHROPOIESIS : gives rise to earliest identifiable colony of RBC (burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E))
• CFU-GEMM colony forming unit – granulocyte, erythrocyte, monocyte, megakaryocyte
47
ERYTHROPOIESIS : produces a large multi-clustered colony resembles a cluster of grapes containing brightly colored hemoglobin • Contain few receptor for EPO
• BFU-E (burst-forming unit-erythroid (BFU-E))
48
• Many EPO receptor & has an absolute requirement for EPO • Responsive to low levels of EPO
CFU-E: colony-forming unit-erythroid
49
ERYTHROPOIESIS glycoprotein produced in the renal peritubular interstitial cells
EPO Erythropoietin
50
• EPO: glycoprotein produced in the
renal peritubular interstitial cells
51
LEUKOPOIESIS • 2 MAJOR CATEGORIES:
MYELOPOIESIS & LYMPHOPOIESIS
52
LEUKOPOIESIS : stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of neutrophil and macrophage colonies from CFU-GM
• GM-CSF Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)
53
LEUKOPOIESIS : stimulate the neutrophil & monocyte from CFU-G & CFU-M
G-CSF & M-CSF
54
LEUKOPOIESIS multi-lineage stimulating factor
IL3
55
LEUKOPOIESIS EOSINOPHIL: require
GM-CSF IL5 IL3
56
LEUKOPOIESIS BASOPHIL:
IL3 KIT ligand
57
LEUKOPOIESIS • Promoting lymphoid differentiation:
IL2,IL7,IL12 & IL5, IL4, IL10,IL13, IL14,IL16
58
• Influences megakryopoiesis
• GM-CSF, IL-3, IL6,IL11, KIT Ligand and TPO
59
Megakaryopoiesis: stimulating hormonal factor (aka MPL Ligand)
TPO Thrombopoieitin
60
Megakaryopoiesis •______: controls the production and release of platelets
IL 11
61
Megakaryopoiesis •_____: major site of TPO
LIVER

HEMA 1: LEC (23 decks)

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