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HEMA 1: LEC > Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

• Continuous, regulated process of renewal, proliferation, differentiation and maturation of ALL BLOOD CELLS LINES

A

HEMATOPOIESIS

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2
Q

HEMATOPOIESIS

A

Continuous, regulated process of renewal, proliferation, differentiation and maturation of ALL BLOOD CELLS LINES

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3
Q

• Capable of self-renewal and directed differentiation into all required cell lineages

A

HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL

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4
Q

HEMATOPOIETIC DEVELOPMENT

A

Yolk Sac & Mesoblastic Phase
Hepatic Phase
Medullary (Myeloid) Phase

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5
Q

Developing Human (FETAL DEVELOPMENT)
• Hematopoiesis can be characterized as a select distribution of embryonic cells in specific sites:

A

• Yolk sac
• Aorta-gonad-mesonephros region (AGM)
• Fetal liver
• Bone Marrow

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6
Q

RESTRICTED to the BONE MARROW

A

Healthy Adult

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7
Q

YOLK SAC & MESOBLASTIC PHASE
• Hematopoiesis begin around______ of embryonic development after fertilization

A

19th day

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8
Q

YOLK SAC & MESOBLASTIC PHASE

Cells from the MESODERM migrate to the______

cells form_______ = IMPORTANT IN EARLY EMBRYOGENESIS

• Produce HEMOGLOBIN…

A

YOLK SAC

PRIMITIVE ERYTHROBLAST

(Gower 1, Gower 2 & Portland)

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9
Q

contains either DEFINITIVE HSC or CELLS that can give rise to HSC

A

YOLK SAC

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10
Q

Cells from the______ origin migrate to the_____ and give rise to the HSCs for definitive or permanent adult hematopoiesis.

A

MESODERM

AGM region

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11
Q

• Cellular formation, proliferation, differentiation, maturation of BC

A

Hematopoiesis

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12
Q

___________

• Primary sites: blood islands of YOLK SAC of human embryo (______day of gestation)

A

MESOBLASTIC STAGE

19th day

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13
Q

Blood islands remain active:

A

8-12 weeks

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14
Q

In Mesoblastic stage,
• Blood cell formed:__________ (1st blood cell formed by 1st month of embryonic life)

A

ERYTHROBLAST

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15
Q

Mesoblastic stage

• EMBRYONIC HEMOGLOBIN

PoZeGa, GoZE, GAE

A

• Gower I: 2z Ze
• Portland: 2z 2g
• Gower Il: 2a 2e

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16
Q

HEPATIC STAGE
• Primary sites:

A

FETAL LIVER

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17
Q

Hepatic stage

• Blood cell formed:
•: still produced
•: 3rd month of gestation
•: 4th mon
•: 5th mon

A

ERYTHROCTES

GRANULOCYTE and MEGAKARYOCTE

LYMPHOCYTE

MONOCYTE

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18
Q

Hepatic Stage

• Mid-fetal life:______ and______ limited role as 2ndary lymphoid organs
• Remain active in producing lymphocytes throughout life

A

SPLEEN and Lymph Nodes

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19
Q

Hepatic Stage

•: 4th mon of gestation
•

A

FETAL HEMOGLOBIN

Hb F: 2a 2g

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20
Q

MYELOID STAGE
• Primary sites:

A

BONE MARROW

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21
Q

• Hematopoiesis in liver begins to dec. by the last trimester

A

MYELOID STAGE

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22
Q

MYELOID STAGE

• ADULT HEMOGLOBIN

A

• Hb A1: 2a 2b
• Hb A2: 2a 2d

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23
Q

EMBRYONIC HEMOGLOBIN

A

Mesoblastic stage

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24
Q

FETAL HEMOGLOBIN

A

Hepatic stage

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25
ADULT HEMOGLOBIN
Myeloid stage
26
POST-NATAL HEMATOPOIESIS • At BIRTH:_______ (only site for production of lymphocytes
BM
27
Post Natal • At BIRTH: BM (only site for pro lymphocytes • FLAT BONES:
• Sternum • Ribs • Vertebrae • Skull • Pelvis
28
Post natal • In ADULT: •________ • BMA: Iliac crest (PSIS), CSF (L3-L4 or L4-L5)
Sternum, flat bones
29
STEM CELLS
• PLURIpotent or MULTIpotent • Retain ability to differentiate into ANY CELL LINE • CFU-Spleen
30
• PLURIpotent or MULTIpotent • Retain ability to differentiate into ANY CELL LINE • CFU-Spleen
SC
31
• BFU-E, CFU-E, CFU-MEG, CFU-GM
PROGENITOR (COMMITED cells)
32
• Differentiate into ONE cell line
PROGENITOR (COMMITED cells)
33
• UNIpotential
PROGENITOR (COMMITED cells)
34
• BLAST form • Myeloblast, Megakaryoblast, Erythroblast
• PRECURSOR CELLS
35
HEMATOPOIETIC DEVELOPMENT Hematopoiesis can be characterized as a select distribution of embryonic cells in specific sites:
• Yolk sac • Aorta-gonad-mesonephros region (AGM) • Fetal liver • Bone Marrow
36
Hematopoiesis in Healthy Adult RESTRICTED to the_____
BONE MARROW
37
PHASES OF HEMATOPOIETIC DEVELOPMENT
• Yolk sac — YOLK SAC PHASE • Aorta-gonad-mesonephros region (AGM) — MESOBLASTIC PHASE • Fetal liver — HEPATIC PHASE • Bone Marrow — MEDULLARY PHASE
38
YOLK SAC & MESOBLASTIC PHASE • Hematopoiesis begin around______ of embryonic development after fertilization
19th day
39
YOLK SAC & MESOBLASTIC PHASE Cells from the_____ migrate to the____ cells form ________= IMPORTANT IN EARLY EMBRYOGENESIS
MESODERM YOLK SAC ***PRIMITIVE ERYTHROBLAST***
40
PRIMITIVE ERYTHROBLAST = IMPORTANT IN EARLY EMBRYOGENESIS • Produce HEMOGLOBIN…
Gower 1, Gower 2 & Portland
41
Contains either DEFINITIVE HSC or CELLS that can give rise to HSC
YOLK SAC
42
YOLK SAC & MESOBLASTIC PHASE Cells from the MESODERM origin migrate to the______ and give rise to the______ for definitive or permanent adult hematopoiesis.
AGM region HSCs
43
HEPATIC PHASE • Hematopoiesis begins at____
5 to 7 gestational weeks
44
HEPATIC PHASE Extravascular or Intravascular
• EXTRAVASCULAR
45
Major site in hepatic phase
Liver
46
HEPATIC PHASE • LIVER: major site • Peak: • Declines:
3rd month after 6th month (why? Cuz sa bone marrow na major siye after 6 months)
47
•Characterized by recognizable clusters of DEVELOPING ERYTHROBLAST, GRANULOCYTES & MONOCYTES
HEPATIC PHASE
48
HEPATIC PHASE •Characterized by recognizable clusters of (3)
DEVELOPING ERYTHROBLAST GRANULOCYTES MONOCYTES
49
Sites during Hepatic Phase
SITES: fetal liver thymus spleen placenta bone marrow
50
• LYMPHOID CELLS begin to appear during this stage
Hepatic phase
51
This phase signal the BEGINNING of definitive hematopoiesis
Hepatic phase
52
• DECLINE in primitive hematopoiesis of yolk sac
Hepatic phase
53
HEPATIC PHASE •1ST fully developed organ in the fetus
THYMUS
54
• Major site of T cell production
Thymus
55
HEPATIC PHASE Organ that produces B cells
KINDEY & SPLEEN
56
During the hepatic phase •_______ gradually decreases granulocytic production • Contributes solely to______
Spleen lymphoiesis
57
In this phase • Productions of ***Megakaryocytes*** begins
Hepatic phase
58
HEMOGLOBIN PRODUCED IN HEPATIC PHASE
• Fetal Hemoglobin (Hb F) : Predominant Hb • Adult Hemoglobin (Hb A) : Detectable levels • Hb B
59
Hepatic phase • Fetal Hemoglobin (Hb F) : • Adult Hemoglobin (Hb A) : • (Hb B)
• Fetal Hemoglobin (Hb F) : a & g • Adult Hemoglobin (Hb A) : a & B • (Hb B) : a & d
60
MEDULLARY (MYELOID) PHASE • Hematopoiesis in the
BONE MARROW
61
It occurs in the ***medulla or inner part of bone marrow cavity*** BEGINS: ______fetal development
Medullary phase 4th and 5th month
62
•______ of gestation: BM is the PRIMARY SITE OF HEMATOPOIESIS
24 weeks
63
• 24 weeks of gestation:_____ is the PRIMARY SITE OF HEMATOPOIESIS
BM
64
HSC and Mesenchymal Cells migrate into the core of the bone
MEDULLARY (MYELOID) PHASE Red bone
65
• Myeloid activity: apparent during this stage
Medullary phase
66
Medullary phase Myeloid-to-erythroid ratio:
3:1 to 4:1
67
MEDULLARY PHASE DETECTABLE DURING THIS PHASE:
Erythropoietin(EPO) granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF) HB F
68
ADULT HEMATOPOIETIC TISSUE • Location:
BONE MARROW LYMPH NODES SPLEEN LIVER THYMUS
69
• Contains developing erythroid, myeloid, megakaryocytic, and lymphoid cells
BONE MARROW
70
Lymphoid development • Primary lymphoid tissue: • Secondary lymphoid tissue:
bone marrow & thymus spleen, lymph nodes, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
71
• One of the largest organs in the body
BONE MARROW
72
BONE MARROW • 2 COMPONENTS:
RED MARROW & YELLOW MARROW
73
RED MARROW & YELLOW MARROW • Infancy and early childhood: Abundant______ • 5 to 7 years of age:_____ more Abundant
Red Marrow Adipocytes
74
T or F MARROW CELLULARITY: decreases with age
True
75
Sites of Red Marrow:
• sternum, vertebrae, scapulae, pelvis, ribs, skull, and proximal portion of the long bones
76
BONE MARROW includes
Stromal cells Endothelial cells Adipocytes
77
• Stromal cells:
• Endothelial cells.adipocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes, osteoclasts and reticular adventitial cells.
78
• Regulate the flow of particles entering and leaving hematopoietic spaces in the vascular sinuses
• Endothelial cells
79
• Regulating the volume of the marrow in w/c active Hematopoiesis occurs • Secrete cytokines or growth factors
Adipocytes
80
•2 lobes situated beneath the diaphragm in the abdominal cavity. • Major site of blood production (2nd trimester)
LIVER
81
LIVER Adults: Functions:
Protein synthesis, degradation, coagulation factor synthesis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, drug and toxin clearance, iron recycling and storage, and hemoglobin deradation
82
LIVER Gathering, transferring and eliminating substances through the…
bile duct
83
• Macrophage that remove senescent cells and foreign debris from the blood that circulates through the liver • Secretes mediators
KUPFFER CELLS
84
• Largest lymphoid organ in the body
SPLEEN
85
Spleen • Contains______ of blood • Storage site for_____
350mL platelets
86
FUNCTION: indiscriminate filter of the circulating blood
Spleen
87
3 TYPES OF SPLENIC TISSUE:
• White pulp • Marginal zone • Red pulp
88
- reticular meshwork
Marginal zone
89
- cords of reticular cell meshwork (cords of billroth) = sponge-like matrix Remove senescent or abnormal RBCs
• Red pulp Spleen
90
Remove senescent or abnormal RBCs • 2 methods:
CULLING PITTING
91
• Organs of the lymphatic system located along the lymphatic capillaries that are prallel to, but not part of circulatory system
LYMPH NODES
92
• BEAN SHAPED structure (1-5 mm in dm)
Lymph nodes
93
• Present in groups or chains at various intervals along lymphatic vessels
Lymph node
94
• LIQUID PORTIONS of blood that escapes into the connective tissue • Characterized by a low protein concentration and the absence of RBCs • Filtered by lymph nodes
LYMPH
95
LYMPH NODES • FUNCTIONS:
• Site of lymphocyte proliferation • Initiation of the specific immune response to foreign antigen • Filter particulate matter, debris and bacteria
96
• 1st - originates from endodermal and mesenchymal tissue • 2nd - populated initially by primitive lymphoid cells from the yolk sac and the liver
THYMUS
97
• Consist 2 lobes (0.5 to 2 cm in dm) divided into lobules
Thymus
98
• Location: upper part of the anterior madiastinum, level of the great vessels of the heart
Thymus
99
AREAS: (peripheral zone)& (central zone)
Cortex Medulla
100
• T cells progenitors migrate to the thymus from the bone marrow for further maturation • T cell dependent area: spleen,lymph nodes other lyphoid organs
Lymphoid tissue
101
THYMUS •: is an efficient, well-developed organ • Size of the thymus is related to____
BIRTH age
102
• weight at birth: 12-15g increases to 30-40g (puberty) Decreases to _____ater ages
10-15g

HEMA 1: LEC (23 decks)

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