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HEMA 1: LEC > Hematopoiesis > Flashcards

Hematopoiesis Flashcards

1
Q

• Continuous, regulated process of renewal, proliferation, differentiation and maturation of ALL BLOOD CELLS LINES

A

HEMATOPOIESIS

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2
Q

HEMATOPOIESIS

A

Continuous, regulated process of renewal, proliferation, differentiation and maturation of ALL BLOOD CELLS LINES

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3
Q

• Capable of self-renewal and directed differentiation into all required cell lineages

A

HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL

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4
Q

HEMATOPOIETIC DEVELOPMENT

A

Yolk Sac & Mesoblastic Phase
Hepatic Phase
Medullary (Myeloid) Phase

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5
Q

Developing Human (FETAL DEVELOPMENT)
• Hematopoiesis can be characterized as a select distribution of embryonic cells in specific sites:

A

• Yolk sac
• Aorta-gonad-mesonephros region (AGM)
• Fetal liver
• Bone Marrow

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6
Q

RESTRICTED to the BONE MARROW

A

Healthy Adult

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7
Q

YOLK SAC & MESOBLASTIC PHASE
• Hematopoiesis begin around______ of embryonic development after fertilization

A

19th day

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8
Q

YOLK SAC & MESOBLASTIC PHASE

Cells from the MESODERM migrate to the______

cells form_______ = IMPORTANT IN EARLY EMBRYOGENESIS

• Produce HEMOGLOBIN…

A

YOLK SAC

PRIMITIVE ERYTHROBLAST

(Gower 1, Gower 2 & Portland)

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9
Q

contains either DEFINITIVE HSC or CELLS that can give rise to HSC

A

YOLK SAC

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10
Q

Cells from the______ origin migrate to the_____ and give rise to the HSCs for definitive or permanent adult hematopoiesis.

A

MESODERM

AGM region

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11
Q

• Cellular formation, proliferation, differentiation, maturation of BC

A

Hematopoiesis

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12
Q

___________

• Primary sites: blood islands of YOLK SAC of human embryo (______day of gestation)

A

MESOBLASTIC STAGE

19th day

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13
Q

Blood islands remain active:

A

8-12 weeks

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14
Q

In Mesoblastic stage,
• Blood cell formed:__________ (1st blood cell formed by 1st month of embryonic life)

A

ERYTHROBLAST

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15
Q

Mesoblastic stage

• EMBRYONIC HEMOGLOBIN

PoZeGa, GoZE, GAE

A

• Gower I: 2z Ze
• Portland: 2z 2g
• Gower Il: 2a 2e

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16
Q

HEPATIC STAGE
• Primary sites:

A

FETAL LIVER

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17
Q

Hepatic stage

• Blood cell formed:
•: still produced
•: 3rd month of gestation
•: 4th mon
•: 5th mon

A

ERYTHROCTES

GRANULOCYTE and MEGAKARYOCTE

LYMPHOCYTE

MONOCYTE

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18
Q

Hepatic Stage

• Mid-fetal life:______ and______ limited role as 2ndary lymphoid organs
• Remain active in producing lymphocytes throughout life

A

SPLEEN and Lymph Nodes

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19
Q

Hepatic Stage

•: 4th mon of gestation
•

A

FETAL HEMOGLOBIN

Hb F: 2a 2g

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20
Q

MYELOID STAGE
• Primary sites:

A

BONE MARROW

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21
Q

• Hematopoiesis in liver begins to dec. by the last trimester

A

MYELOID STAGE

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22
Q

MYELOID STAGE

• ADULT HEMOGLOBIN

A

• Hb A1: 2a 2b
• Hb A2: 2a 2d

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23
Q

EMBRYONIC HEMOGLOBIN

A

Mesoblastic stage

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24
Q

FETAL HEMOGLOBIN

A

Hepatic stage

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25
Q

ADULT HEMOGLOBIN

A

Myeloid stage

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26
Q

POST-NATAL HEMATOPOIESIS
• At BIRTH:_______ (only site for production of lymphocytes

A

BM

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27
Q

Post Natal

• At BIRTH: BM (only site for pro lymphocytes
• FLAT BONES:

A

• Sternum
• Ribs
• Vertebrae
• Skull
• Pelvis

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28
Q

Post natal

• In ADULT:
•________
• BMA: Iliac crest (PSIS), CSF (L3-L4 or L4-L5)

A

Sternum, flat bones

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29
Q

STEM CELLS

A

• PLURIpotent or MULTIpotent
• Retain ability to differentiate into ANY CELL LINE
• CFU-Spleen

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30
Q

• PLURIpotent or MULTIpotent
• Retain ability to differentiate into ANY CELL LINE
• CFU-Spleen

A

SC

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31
Q

• BFU-E, CFU-E, CFU-MEG, CFU-GM

A

PROGENITOR (COMMITED cells)

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32
Q

• Differentiate into ONE cell line

A

PROGENITOR (COMMITED cells)

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33
Q

• UNIpotential

A

PROGENITOR (COMMITED cells)

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34
Q

• BLAST form

• Myeloblast, Megakaryoblast, Erythroblast

A

• PRECURSOR CELLS

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35
Q

HEMATOPOIETIC DEVELOPMENT

Hematopoiesis can be characterized as a select distribution of embryonic cells in specific sites:

A

• Yolk sac
• Aorta-gonad-mesonephros region (AGM)
• Fetal liver
• Bone Marrow

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36
Q

Hematopoiesis in Healthy Adult
RESTRICTED to the_____

A

BONE MARROW

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37
Q

PHASES OF HEMATOPOIETIC DEVELOPMENT

A

• Yolk sac — YOLK SAC PHASE
• Aorta-gonad-mesonephros region (AGM) — MESOBLASTIC PHASE
• Fetal liver — HEPATIC PHASE
• Bone Marrow — MEDULLARY PHASE

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38
Q

YOLK SAC & MESOBLASTIC PHASE
• Hematopoiesis begin around______ of embryonic development after fertilization

A

19th day

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39
Q

YOLK SAC & MESOBLASTIC PHASE

Cells from the_____ migrate to the____

cells form ________= IMPORTANT IN EARLY EMBRYOGENESIS

A

MESODERM

YOLK SAC

PRIMITIVE ERYTHROBLAST

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40
Q

PRIMITIVE ERYTHROBLAST = IMPORTANT IN EARLY EMBRYOGENESIS

• Produce HEMOGLOBIN…

A

Gower 1, Gower 2 & Portland

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41
Q

Contains either DEFINITIVE HSC or CELLS that can give rise to HSC

A

YOLK SAC

42
Q

YOLK SAC & MESOBLASTIC PHASE

Cells from the MESODERM origin migrate to the______ and give rise to the______ for definitive or permanent adult hematopoiesis.

A

AGM region

HSCs

43
Q

HEPATIC PHASE
• Hematopoiesis begins at____

A

5 to 7 gestational weeks

44
Q

HEPATIC PHASE

Extravascular or Intravascular

A

• EXTRAVASCULAR

45
Q

Major site in hepatic phase

A

Liver

46
Q

HEPATIC PHASE

• LIVER: major site
• Peak:
• Declines:

A

3rd month

after 6th month (why? Cuz sa bone marrow na major siye after 6 months)

47
Q

•Characterized by recognizable clusters of DEVELOPING ERYTHROBLAST, GRANULOCYTES & MONOCYTES

A

HEPATIC PHASE

48
Q

HEPATIC PHASE

•Characterized by recognizable clusters of (3)

A

DEVELOPING ERYTHROBLAST
GRANULOCYTES
MONOCYTES

49
Q

Sites during Hepatic Phase

A

SITES:
fetal liver
thymus
spleen
placenta
bone
marrow

50
Q

• LYMPHOID CELLS begin to appear during this stage

A

Hepatic phase

51
Q

This phase signal the BEGINNING of definitive hematopoiesis

A

Hepatic phase

52
Q

• DECLINE in primitive hematopoiesis of yolk sac

A

Hepatic phase

53
Q

HEPATIC PHASE

•1ST fully developed organ in the fetus

A

THYMUS

54
Q

• Major site of T cell production

A

Thymus

55
Q

HEPATIC PHASE

Organ that produces B cells

A

KINDEY & SPLEEN

56
Q

During the hepatic phase

•_______ gradually decreases granulocytic production
• Contributes solely to______

A

Spleen

lymphoiesis

57
Q

In this phase

• Productions of Megakaryocytes begins

A

Hepatic phase

58
Q

HEMOGLOBIN PRODUCED IN HEPATIC PHASE

A

• Fetal Hemoglobin (Hb F) : Predominant Hb
• Adult Hemoglobin (Hb A) : Detectable levels

• Hb B

59
Q

Hepatic phase

• Fetal Hemoglobin (Hb F) :
• Adult Hemoglobin (Hb A) :
• (Hb B)

A

• Fetal Hemoglobin (Hb F) : a & g
• Adult Hemoglobin (Hb A) : a & B
• (Hb B) : a & d

60
Q

MEDULLARY (MYELOID) PHASE

• Hematopoiesis in the

A

BONE MARROW

61
Q

It occurs in the medulla or inner part of bone marrow cavity

BEGINS: ______fetal development

A

Medullary phase

4th and 5th month

62
Q

•______ of gestation: BM is the PRIMARY SITE OF HEMATOPOIESIS

A

24 weeks

63
Q

• 24 weeks of gestation:_____ is the PRIMARY SITE OF HEMATOPOIESIS

A

BM

64
Q

HSC and Mesenchymal Cells migrate into the core of the bone

A

MEDULLARY (MYELOID) PHASE
Red bone

65
Q

• Myeloid activity: apparent during this stage

A

Medullary phase

66
Q

Medullary phase

Myeloid-to-erythroid ratio:

A

3:1 to 4:1

67
Q

MEDULLARY PHASE

DETECTABLE DURING THIS PHASE:

A

Erythropoietin(EPO)

granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)

granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF)

HB F

68
Q

ADULT HEMATOPOIETIC TISSUE
• Location:

A

BONE MARROW
LYMPH NODES
SPLEEN
LIVER
THYMUS

69
Q

• Contains developing erythroid, myeloid, megakaryocytic, and lymphoid cells

A

BONE MARROW

70
Q

Lymphoid development

• Primary lymphoid tissue:
• Secondary lymphoid tissue:

A

bone marrow & thymus

spleen, lymph nodes, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

71
Q

• One of the largest organs in the body

A

BONE MARROW

72
Q

BONE MARROW

• 2 COMPONENTS:

A

RED MARROW & YELLOW MARROW

73
Q

RED MARROW & YELLOW MARROW

• Infancy and early childhood: Abundant______
• 5 to 7 years of age:_____ more Abundant

A

Red Marrow

Adipocytes

74
Q

T or F

MARROW CELLULARITY: decreases with age

A

True

75
Q

Sites of Red Marrow:

A

• sternum, vertebrae, scapulae, pelvis, ribs, skull, and proximal portion of the long bones

76
Q

BONE MARROW includes

A

Stromal cells
Endothelial cells
Adipocytes

77
Q

• Stromal cells:

A

• Endothelial cells.adipocytes, macrophages and lymphocytes, osteoclasts and reticular adventitial cells.

78
Q

• Regulate the flow of particles entering and leaving hematopoietic spaces in the vascular sinuses

A

• Endothelial cells

79
Q

• Regulating the volume of the marrow in w/c active Hematopoiesis occurs
• Secrete cytokines or growth factors

A

Adipocytes

80
Q

•2 lobes situated beneath the diaphragm in the abdominal cavity.
• Major site of blood production (2nd trimester)

A

LIVER

81
Q

LIVER

Adults:
Functions:

A

Protein synthesis, degradation, coagulation factor synthesis, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, drug and toxin clearance, iron recycling and storage, and hemoglobin deradation

82
Q

LIVER

Gathering, transferring and eliminating substances through the…

A

bile duct

83
Q

• Macrophage that remove senescent cells and foreign debris from the blood that circulates through the liver
• Secretes mediators

A

KUPFFER CELLS

84
Q

• Largest lymphoid organ in the body

A

SPLEEN

85
Q

Spleen

• Contains______ of blood
• Storage site for_____

A

350mL

platelets

86
Q

FUNCTION: indiscriminate filter of the circulating blood

A

Spleen

87
Q

3 TYPES OF SPLENIC TISSUE:

A

• White pulp
• Marginal zone
• Red pulp

88
Q
  • reticular meshwork
A

Marginal zone

89
Q
  • cords of reticular cell meshwork
    (cords of billroth) = sponge-like matrix

Remove senescent or abnormal RBCs

A

• Red pulp

Spleen

90
Q

Remove senescent or abnormal RBCs
• 2 methods:

A

CULLING
PITTING

91
Q

• Organs of the lymphatic system located along the lymphatic capillaries that are prallel to, but not part of circulatory system

A

LYMPH NODES

92
Q

• BEAN SHAPED structure (1-5 mm in dm)

A

Lymph nodes

93
Q

• Present in groups or chains at various intervals along lymphatic vessels

A

Lymph node

94
Q

• LIQUID PORTIONS of blood that escapes into the connective tissue
• Characterized by a low protein concentration and the absence of RBCs
• Filtered by lymph nodes

A

LYMPH

95
Q

LYMPH NODES
• FUNCTIONS:

A

• Site of lymphocyte proliferation
• Initiation of the specific immune response to foreign antigen
• Filter particulate matter, debris and bacteria

96
Q

• 1st - originates from endodermal and mesenchymal tissue
• 2nd - populated initially by primitive lymphoid cells from the yolk sac and the liver

A

THYMUS

97
Q

• Consist 2 lobes (0.5 to 2 cm in dm) divided into lobules

A

Thymus

98
Q

• Location: upper part of the anterior madiastinum, level of the great vessels of the heart

A

Thymus

99
Q

AREAS: (peripheral zone)& (central zone)

A

Cortex

Medulla

100
Q

• T cells progenitors migrate to the thymus from the bone marrow for further maturation

• T cell dependent area: spleen,lymph nodes other lyphoid organs

A

Lymphoid tissue

101
Q

THYMUS
•: is an efficient, well-developed organ
• Size of the thymus is related to____

A

BIRTH

age

102
Q

• weight at birth: 12-15g increases to 30-40g (puberty)

Decreases to _____ater ages

A

10-15g

HEMA 1: LEC (12 decks)

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