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HEMA 1: LEC > ERYTHROCYTE ABNORMALITY > Flashcards

ERYTHROCYTE ABNORMALITY Flashcards

1
Q

In______ anemia or polycythemia there is a true decrease or increase in the RCM, respectively.

A

absolute

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2
Q

Change in plasma volume causing changes in cellular components to cellular components

A

RELATIVE

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3
Q
  • pregnancy and diseases associated with hyperproteinemia.
  • dehydration
A

Relative anemia

Relative erythrocytosis

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4
Q

(^ plasma volume; normal RCM*)

A

Relative anemia

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5
Q

(v plasma volume; normal RCM)

A

Relative erythrocytosis

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6
Q

DECREASED HEMOGLOBIN
DECREASED NUMBER OF RED CELLS

A

ANEMIA

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7
Q

DECREASED HEMOGLOBIN
INCREASE HEMATOCRIT
INCREASE NUMBER OF RED CELLS

A

ERYTHROCYTOSIS AND POLYCYTHEMIA

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8
Q

DECREASE RBC CONCENTRATION
•___________
• Hypoproliferative disorders
• Maturation disorders
•____________
• Hemolytic disorders
• Blood loss

A

INEFFECTIVE/INSUFFICIENT
ERYTHROCYTE PRODUCTION

INCREASE RBC DESTRUCTION /
LOSS

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9
Q

The Categories of Anemia

A

HYPOPROLIFERATIVE ANEMIAS
MATURATION DISORDERS

HEMOLYTIC DISORDERS
ANEMIAS OF BLOOD LOSS

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10
Q

INCREASE RBC CONCENTRATION

ABSOLUTE ERYTHROCYTOSIS

Polycythemia vera
Erythremia

A

Primary

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11
Q

INCREASE RBC
CONCENTRATION
ABSOLUTE ERYTHROCYTOSIS

Secondary
_________
High altitude
Pulmonary disease
Cardiovascular disease
Alveolar hypoventilation
Hemoglobinopathy
Tobacco / carboxyhemoglobin

___________
Essential (idiopathic)
Renal disease
Extrarenal

A

Appropriate

Inappropriate

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12
Q

INCREASE RBC
CONCENTRATION
_______________
Dehydration
Gaisböck’s syndrome
Stress/ spurious
Tobacco

A

RELATIVE ERYTHROCYTOSIS

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13
Q

Functionally: decrease in the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood

Operationally: there is reduction in the hemoglobin content of blood

A

Anemia

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14
Q

Anemia is not a….

A

Not a disease but a manifestation of an underlying condition

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15
Q

• - most important for the assessment of anemia

A

JAUNDICE

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16
Q

• Hemoglobin concentration of 7-10
g/dL
May cause pallor of conjunctivae and nail beds

A

MODERATE ANEMIA

17
Q

2.
• Hemoglobin concentration of <7g/dL
Produce:
• Tachycardia
• Hypotension

A

SEVERE ANEMIA

18
Q

ANEMIA

Laboratory Diagnosis
COMPLETE

A

BLOOD COUNT (CBC)

Reticulocyte count

Peripheral Blood Smear

19
Q

СВС

A

RBC Count
Hemoglobin Concentration
Hematocrit
WBC Count
Platelet Count

20
Q

RBC Indices:

A

MCV, МСН, МСНС

21
Q

most important
Measure average RBC volume in femtoliter (fL)

-Measure average weight of Hgb in a RBC in picograms (pg)

  • Measure the average concentration of hemoglobin in each individual RBC in grams per liter (g/L)
A

MCV (Mean Cell Volume)

MCH (Mean Cell Hemoglobin)

МСНС (Mean Cell Hemoglobin
Concentration)

22
Q
  • Provided by automated blood cell analyzers
  • An index of variation of cell volume in an RBC population
A

RED BLOOD CELL DISTRIBUTION WIDTH (RDW)

23
Q
  • Important tool to assess the bone marrow’s ability to increase RBC production in response to anemia
A

RETICULOCYTE COUNT

24
Q
  • Young RBCs that lack a nucleus but still contain residual RNA to complete production of hemoglobin
  • Normally circulate in PB for 1 day
A

Reticulocytes

25
Q
  • Attention is given to the
    RBC morphology (size, shape and inclusion bodies present

*Review of WBC and Plt show more generalized bone marrow problem leading to anemia

A

Peripheral Blood Film Examination

26
Q

Normal RBC: Nearly uniform
Microcytic Cells:
Macrocytic Cells;

A

7-8um in diameter

<6um in diameter

> 8um in diameter

27
Q

Abnormal variation in RBC volume or diameter
Herolytic, megaloblastic, iron deficiency anemias

A

Anisocytosis

28
Q

Large RBC (>B um in diameter), MCV > 100 fL
Megaloblastic anemia
Myelodysplastic syndromes
Chronic liver disease
Bone marrow failure
Reticulocytosis

A

Macrocyte

29
Q

Large oval RBC
Megaloblastic anemia

A

Oval macrocyte

30
Q

Small RBC (<6 um in diameter), MCV < 80 fL
Iron deficiency anemia
Anemia of chronic inflammation
Sideroblastic anemia
Thalassemia/Hb E disease and trait

A

Microcyte

31
Q

Abnormal variation in RBC shape
Severe anemia, certain shapes helpful diagnostically

A

Poikilocytosis

32
Q
  • Done when cause of anemia cannot be determined
  • Help evaluate hematopoiesis
A

Bone Marrow Examination

33
Q
  • Indicated in pxs with:
  • Unexplained anemia assoc with other cytopenias
  • Fever of unknown origin
  • Suspected hematologic neoplasm
A

Bone Marrow Examination

34
Q
  • Can determine infiltration of
    BM with abnormal cells
A

Bone Marrow Examination

35
Q

Bone Marrow Examination
- Important findings:

A
  • Hypocellularity (Aplastic Anemia)
  • Ineffective erythropoiesis and megaloblastic changes (B9/12 deficiency)
  • Lack of iron in iron stains (IDA)
  • Presence of fibrosis, granulomata, infectious agents, tumor cells

HEMA 1: LEC (20 decks)

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