History Flashcards
HISTORY OF CLINICAL HEMATOLOGY
Athanasius Kircher (1657)
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1647)
Giulio Bizzozero (late 1800s)
James Homer Wright (1902)
1646: using a microscope: plague victims
Athanasius Kircher
1658: Scrutinium Pestis; “little worms” or “animalcules” in the blood
Athanasius Kircher
Proposed hygienic measures: isolation, quarantine, burning clothes worn by infected and wearing facemasks
Anathasius Kircher
Known for his groundbreaking work in microscopy.
Observed and describe RBCs under a microscope.
ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK (1674):
FATHER OF MICROBIOLOGY
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Italian physician and pathologist
GIULIO BIZZOZERO (Late 1800s):
Described PLATELETS as “PETITES PLAQUES”
Giulio Bizzozero
His work laid the foundation for understanding of platelet function in hemostasis.
Giulio Bizzozero
Known for his contributions to BLOOD CELL STAINING TECHNIQUES
JAMES HOMER WRIGHT (1902):
James Homer Weight is a
A Pathologist and hematologist
Developed the WRIGHT STAIN
Type of stain?
Romanowsky-type stain
Polychromatic stain
Romanowsky-type stain is a mixture of…? Its purpose?
Mixture of acid and basic dyes
Allowed for better visualization and differentiation
His work significantly improved the accuracy if blood cell morphology analysis.
James Homer Wright
= BLOOD
= “THE STUDY OF”
HAIMO
LOGIA
BLOOD:
Is a specialized body fluid
4 main components:
PLASMA, RBC, WBC, PLATELETS
CHARACTERISTIC OF BLOOD
-color
-consistency
-pH
- SG
-percent of total body weight
-TV: male
-TV: female
Fluid (in vivo) red in color
Thick and viscous
Slightly alkaline (pH 7.35- 7.45)
SG: 1.045-1.065
7-8% of the total body weight
Total Volume: (M: 5-6 L; F: 4-5L)
5 functions of blood
FUNCTIONS:
Transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues
Forming blood clots to prevent excess blood loss
Carrying cells and antibodies that fight infection
Bringing waste products to the kidney and liver
Regulating body temperature
Plasma%
Its components
Plasma (55%)
Water (91.5%)
Proteins (7%)
Others (1.5%)
Electrolytes
NPN (Non Protein Nitrogen)
Hormones and Enzymes
Food Materials
RBC
_____of blood volume
____________ normal RBC count
45%
4.5 - 6.5 x 10^12/L
WBC
____________ normal
4 - 11 X10^9/L
AGRANULOCYTES
Monocytes (3 -5 %)
Lymphocytes (20 - 25%)
GRANULOCYTES (0.5 - 1%)
Basophils (0.5 - 1%)
Eosinophils (2 - 4%)
Neutrophils (60 - 70%)
PLATELETS
_____________
150 - 450 X10^9/L
COMMON HEMATOLOGY TEST
COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT (CBC), which includes:
White Blood Cell count (WBC)
Red Blood Cell count (RBC)
Platelet Count
Hematocrit Red Blood Cell Volume (HCT)
Hemoglobin concentration (HB)
Differential White Blood Count
Red Blood Cell Indices (measurements)
Giulio Bizzozero
Discovered what?
Discovered:
H. pylori
Function of platelets
Pathology Laboratory at the Massachusetts General Hospital
1902 modification of Romanowsky stain
Megakaryocyte origin of platelets
James Homer Wright
Nutritive fluid
Participates in the physiologic and pathologic activities of the body
Blood
Functions of Blood: 6
-> Respiration
-> Nutrition
-> Excretion
- Homeostasis
- Body protection
-> Transport
SERVICES OFFERED BY HEMA AND HEMOSTASIS LAB
Specimen collection and Preparation for exam
Quantitative manual and Instrumental Measurements of Cells
Measurements of Cell Volumes
Evaluation of Cellular Content and Components
Cellular Identification
Identification of reactive or neoplastic alterations of cell populations
Evaluation of leukocytes, erythrocytes and platelet function
Evaluation of cellular development and formation (BM)
Evaluation of hemostatic function
German jesuit scholar
Physician and polymath
Athanasius Kircher
Various aspects of the natural world
Athanasius Kircher
Observed and described RBCs under a microscope
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
