History Flashcards by Kyra Catedral

HISTORY OF CLINICAL HEMATOLOGY

Athanasius Kircher (1657)
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1647)
Giulio Bizzozero (late 1800s)
James Homer Wright (1902)

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1646: using a microscope: plague victims

Athanasius Kircher

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1658: Scrutinium Pestis; “little worms” or “animalcules” in the blood

Athanasius Kircher

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Proposed hygienic measures: isolation, quarantine, burning clothes worn by infected and wearing facemasks

Anathasius Kircher

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Known for his groundbreaking work in microscopy.

Observed and describe RBCs under a microscope.

ANTON VAN LEEUWENHOEK (1674):

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FATHER OF MICROBIOLOGY

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

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Italian physician and pathologist

GIULIO BIZZOZERO (Late 1800s):

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Described PLATELETS as “PETITES PLAQUES”

Giulio Bizzozero

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His work laid the foundation for understanding of platelet function in hemostasis.

Giulio Bizzozero

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Known for his contributions to BLOOD CELL STAINING TECHNIQUES

JAMES HOMER WRIGHT (1902):

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James Homer Weight is a

A Pathologist and hematologist

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Developed the WRIGHT STAIN

Type of stain?

Romanowsky-type stain
Polychromatic stain

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Romanowsky-type stain is a mixture of…? Its purpose?

Mixture of acid and basic dyes
Allowed for better visualization and differentiation

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His work significantly improved the accuracy if blood cell morphology analysis.

James Homer Wright

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= BLOOD
= “THE STUDY OF”

HAIMO

LOGIA

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BLOOD:
Is a specialized body fluid

4 main components:

PLASMA, RBC, WBC, PLATELETS

CHARACTERISTIC OF BLOOD
-color
-consistency
-pH
- SG
-percent of total body weight
-TV: male
-TV: female

Fluid (in vivo) red in color

Thick and viscous

Slightly alkaline (pH 7.35- 7.45)

SG: 1.045-1.065

7-8% of the total body weight

Total Volume: (M: 5-6 L; F: 4-5L)

5 functions of blood

FUNCTIONS:
Transporting oxygen and nutrients to the lungs and tissues

Forming blood clots to prevent excess blood loss

Carrying cells and antibodies that fight infection

Bringing waste products to the kidney and liver

Regulating body temperature

Plasma%

Its components

Plasma (55%)

Water (91.5%)

Proteins (7%)

Others (1.5%)
Electrolytes
NPN (Non Protein Nitrogen)
Hormones and Enzymes
Food Materials

RBC
_____of blood volume
____________ normal RBC count

45%

4.5 - 6.5 x 10^12/L

WBC
____________ normal

4 - 11 X10^9/L

AGRANULOCYTES

Monocytes (3 -5 %)
Lymphocytes (20 - 25%)

GRANULOCYTES (0.5 - 1%)

Basophils (0.5 - 1%)
Eosinophils (2 - 4%)
Neutrophils (60 - 70%)

PLATELETS
_____________

150 - 450 X10^9/L

COMMON HEMATOLOGY TEST COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT (CBC), which includes:

White Blood Cell count (WBC) Red Blood Cell count (RBC) Platelet Count Hematocrit Red Blood Cell Volume (HCT) Hemoglobin concentration (HB) Differential White Blood Count Red Blood Cell Indices (measurements)

Giulio Bizzozero Discovered what?

Discovered: H. pylori Function of platelets

Pathology Laboratory at the Massachusetts General Hospital 1902 modification of Romanowsky stain Megakaryocyte origin of platelets

James Homer Wright

Nutritive fluid Participates in the physiologic and pathologic activities of the body

Blood

Functions of Blood: 6

-> Respiration -> Nutrition -> Excretion - Homeostasis - Body protection -> Transport

SERVICES OFFERED BY HEMA AND HEMOSTASIS LAB

Specimen collection and Preparation for exam Quantitative manual and Instrumental Measurements of Cells Measurements of Cell Volumes Evaluation of Cellular Content and Components Cellular Identification Identification of reactive or neoplastic alterations of cell populations Evaluation of leukocytes, erythrocytes and platelet function Evaluation of cellular development and formation (BM) Evaluation of hemostatic function

German jesuit scholar Physician and polymath

Athanasius Kircher

Various aspects of the natural world

Athanasius Kircher

Observed and described RBCs under a microscope

Anton van Leeuwenhoek