Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HEMA 1: LEC > Ppt > Flashcards

Ppt Flashcards

1
Q

ERYTHROCYTE
• FUNCTION:
• 1ST;
• 2ND :

A

To carry oxygen from lungs to the tissue

Returning carbon dioxide
to the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

(RBC precursor)

Aka:

A

Erythroblast

Normoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

• Developing nucleated RBC precursor with normal appearance

•Restricted to the_____

A

• Erythroblast (RBC precursor)
Aka: Normoblast

bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 Erythroblast Nomenclature

A

• NORMOBLASTIC TERMINOLOGY
• RUBRIBLASTIC TERMINOLOGY
• ERYTHROBLAST TERMINOLOGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Normoblastic

A

Pronormoblast

Basophilic normoblast

Polychromatic (polychromatophilic) normoblast

Orthochromic normoblast

Polychromatic (polychromatophilic) erythrocyte

Erythrocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Rubriblastic

A

Rubriblast

Prorubricyte

Rubricyte

Metarubricyte

Polychromatic (polychromatophilic) erythrocyte*

Erythrocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Erythroblastic

A

Proerythroblast

Basophilic erythroblast

Polychromatic (polychromatophilic) erythroblast

Orthochromic erythroblast

Polychromatic (polychromatophilic) erythrocyte*

Erythrocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

2 PROGENITOR:

A

• BFU-E (Burst-forming unit-erythroid)

• CFU-E (Colony forming unit-erythroid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

• Earliest committed progenitor
• Gives rise to large colonies

A

BFU-E (Burst-forming unit-erythroid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

• Capable of multisubunit colonies (burst)

A

BFU E

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

• Gives rise to smaller colonies

A

CFU-E (Colony forming unit-erythroid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

1st morphologically Identifiable RBC precusor

A

PRONORMOBLAST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

: to produce MATURE RBC from BFU-E

A

• 18-21 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

STAGES OF ERYTHROID PRECURSOR MATURATION

A
  1. Over all diameter of the cell decreases
  2. Diameter of the nucleus decreases more rapidly than the diameter of the cell
  3. Nuclear chromatin pattern becomes coarser, clumped and condensed
  4. Nuclei Disappear
  5. Cytoplasm changes from blue to gray-blue to salmon pink
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ERYTHROKINETICS

STIMULUS OF RBC PRODUCTION

A

HYPOXIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

• Primary oxygen-sensing system

A

Kidney(Peritubular Fibroblast)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

• Consist of a carbohydrate unit and termina sialic acid unit

A

• EPO (ERYTHROPOIETIN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

• Thermostable, nondialyzeble, glycoportein hormone

A

EPO (ERYTHROPOIETIN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

• Major stimulatory cytokine for RBC

A

EPO (ERYTHROPOIETIN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

EPO (ERYTHROPOIETIN)

Consist of a______ unit and termina_____ unit

A

carbohydrate

sialic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

• ACTION of ERYTHROPOIETIN
• Growth factor (cytokine) that initiates intracellular message to developing
erythroid cells =_________

A

SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

= increased cell division and maturation, increased intestinal iron absorption and hemoglobin synthesis and more RBCs entering the circulation

A

• EPO + EPOR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

EPO (ERYTHROPOIETIN)
• 3 MAJOR EFFECTS:

A
  1. Allowing early release of reticulocytes from the bone
    marrow
  2. Preventing apoptotic cell death
  3. Reducing the time needed for cells to mature in the bone marrow.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

THERAPEUTIC USES OF EPO
• Produced by recombinant technology-______ and _______

A

EPOITIN alpha & EPOITIN beta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

THERAPEUTIC USES OF EPO

A

• Stimulates RBC proliferation and differentiation by acting to specific receptors in the BM
• Anemias of chronic infection
• Anemias resulting from chemotherapy
• Anemias secondary to malignancy; associated with HIV
• Anemias in premature infants
• Autologous blood transfusion; After BM transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

IRON
• No mechanism for_____
• Just minimal daily loss with….

A

active excretion

exfoliated skin and hair and sloughed intestinal epithelia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

• The body stores iron

• Percentage of body iron
• 70%- held within_____
• 20%- in_____
• 10%- divided among the….

A

hemoglobin

storage

muscles, the cytochrome, various iron-containing enzymes and the plasma

28
Q

Functional Compartment

______in the blood
______in muscles
(4) enzymes in all cells

A

Hemoglobin iron

Myoglobin iron

Peroxidase, catalase, cytochromes, riboflavin

29
Q

Storage compartment

_______ and ______mostly in macrophages and hepatocytes; small amounts in all cells except mature red blood cells

A

Ferritin and hemosiderin

30
Q

Transport compartment

______in plasma

A

Transferrin

31
Q

IRON
In cells, ferrous iron can react with peroxide via________, forming highly reactive oxygen molecule

A

Fenton Reaction

32
Q
  • complex and capable of generating both hydroxyl radicals and higher oxidation states of the iron
A

•FENTON REACTION

33
Q

• Able to damage proteins, Lipids and nucleic acids

A

Free radicals

34
Q

Short lived but potent oxidizing agent

A

• HYDROXYL RADICAL (OH)
• AKA: FREE RADICALS

35
Q

Most dietary iron is nonheme ionic iron in the______ form and must be REDUCED by_____

A

FERRIC FORM

duodenal cytochrome b (Dcytb)

36
Q

REDUCED FORM-carried across the luminal side of the enterocyte by

A

DMT1

divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1)

37
Q

• Ferric iron can be stored as_____

A

FERRITIN

38
Q

ONLY known protein that exports iron across cell membrane

A

• FERROPORTIN

39
Q

• Exports ferrous iron into the blood

A

• FERROPORTIN

40
Q

• Protein on basolaminal side of enterocyte

A

• FERROPORTIN

41
Q

• Secreted by hepatocytes
• Protein that able to bind to receptor ferroportin

A

HEPCIDINE

42
Q

IRON TRANSPORT IN THE BLOOD

State of iron- for transport in the blood

A

• Ferrous to Ferric

43
Q

Protein on the basolaminal enterocyte
membrane

• Able to oxidized iron as it exits the enterocyte

A

HEPHAESTIN

44
Q

• OXIDIZED IRON-carried by _____

Once the iron binds, the molecule is known as______

A

apotransferrin (ApoTF)

TRANSFERRIN

45
Q

• ApoTF - binds to 2 molecule of ferric iron

A

Differic transferrin or holotransferrin

46
Q

REGULATION OF BODY IRON

A

• Proteins involved:
• Transferrin 1 (TfR1)
• Hemochromatosis receptor (HFE)
• TfR2
• Hemojuvelin (HJV)
• Bone morphogenic protein (BMP)
• Receptor: BMPR
• Sons of mother against
decapentaplegic(SMAD)
• Matriptase 2

47
Q

Binds circulating diferric transferrin and releases hemochromatosis protein (HFE) for signaling

A

Transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1)

48
Q

With transferrin receptor 2, associates with bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR) to initiate the signal to upregulate hepcidin production

A

Hemochromatosis protein (HFE)

49
Q

With transferrin receptor 2, associates with bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR) to initiate the signal to upregulate hepcidin production

A

Hemochromatosis protein (HFE)

50
Q

With freed HFE, associates with BMPR to initiate the signal to upregulate hepcidin production

A

Transferrin receptor 2 (TfR2)

51
Q

The ligand that initiates signal transduction when it binds to its receptor in a cell membrane

A

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)

52
Q

A common membrane receptor initiating signal transduction within a cell when its ligand (BMP) binds

A

Bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR)

53
Q

A coreceptor acting with BMPR for signal transduction, leading to hepcidin production

A

Hemojuvelin (HJV)

54
Q

A second messenger of signal transduction, phosphorylated by BMPR-HJV complex, and able to migrate to the nucleus and upregulate hepcidin gene expression

A

Sons of mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD)

55
Q

Cleaves hemojuvelin to downregulate hepcidin production

A

Matriptase-2

56
Q

Binds holotransferrin (Tf), which initiates a signal leading to secretion of erythroferrone

A

Transferrin receptor 2 (TfR2)

57
Q

Able to downregulate hepcidin production in the liver: mechanism unknown

A

Erythroferrone (ERFE)

58
Q

Ferric Iron is stored in a cage-like protein_____.

A

apoferritin

59
Q
  • once iron binds
    • 1 ferritin molecule - can bind ______ iron ions
    •______- partially degraded ferritin
A

FERRITIN

> 4000

HEMOSIDERIN

60
Q

• Control the amount of_____
• To avoid free radicals

A

TfR1

61
Q

• STORED IRON:

• SUFFICIENT-TfR1 production declines =_______
• LOW - TfR1 production increases =_______

A

REDUCING ION ABSORPTION

TO AQUIRE MORE IRON

62
Q

Foods containing high levels of iron:

A

Red meat
legumes
dark green leafy vegetables

63
Q

Iron may not be readily absorbed and thus is NOT

A

BIOAVAILABLE

64
Q

• Iron can be absorbed as either_______ or _______ form of heme

A

IONIC IRON (Ferrous form) or NONIONIC IRON (Ferric form)

65
Q

• _____ form - absorption into enterocyte via DMT1

A

Fe2

66
Q

_______ form
• From plant sources
• Not readily absorbed

A

Fe2 form

67
Q

Dietary compounds can bind iron and inhibits absorption

Release from these binders and reduction to ferrous form are enhanced by gastric acid, acid foods (e.g. Citrus) and an enterocyte luminal membrane ferrireductase and Dcytb

A

Oxalates
phytates
phosphates
calcium

HEMA 1: LEC (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions