PPT 9, 10, 11 hearing and swallowing Flashcards
when you are inhaling air what lowers to create a passageway for air to enter your larynx, lungs, etc.
velum
list the two volitional stages of swallowing
oral preparatory stage and the oral phase
list the two automatic stages of swallowing
pharyngeal phase and esophageal phase
automatic stages of swallowing are controlled by our _ nervous system
autonomic
list the steps of the oral preparatory phase
labial seal, tension of buccal muscles, mastication, food particles mixed with saliva and collected into a bolus, tongue begins to propel food posteriorly A->P rolling action
list the steps of the oral phase
after bolus preparation complete, bolus propelled from oral cavity to the oropharynx, tongue contractions exerts pressure on bolus
list the steps of the pharyngeal phase
triggered when bolus passes faucial pillars/tongue base, respiration ceases momentarily, velum elevates and lips sealed, elevation, anterior displacement, and closure of the larynx (this prevents material from entering airway and additional air protection), pharyngeal peristalsis, cricopharynxgeus relaxation and passive opening of UES (driving force of bolus)
why is airway closure laryngotracheal protection physiologically linked with the onset of the pharyngeal stage of the swallow
to prevent aspiration we need to mechanisms listed below to be in place
what are the key structures used in airway closure during the laryngotracheal protection
closure of true and false vocal folds and inversion of the epiglottis
list the components needed in the esophageal phase
closed muscular tube (18-22 cm), upper 1/3 controlled by CNS and mechanical forces (upper esophageal sphincter UES), lower 2/3 autonomic (lower esophageal sphincter LES) , courses ventral to lungs and entrees stomach via diaphragmatic hiatus
what does the lower esophageal sphincter connect
connects the esophagus to the stomach
issue due to the LES not having proper closure once the bolus passes through and the bolus re-enters the esophagus
Gastro Esophageal Reflex Disease
your esophagus and stomach are located _ to the lungs and trachea
posterior
what is the term for the movement of the bolus
peristalsis
list some differences in pediatric swallowing
in infants the larynx is located much higher than in adults which protects them from aspiration, there isn’t an oropharynx food goes right from the oral cavity to the pharynx to the esophagus, the tongue fills majority of the oral cavity
when does the swallow trigger
when the bolus passes the faucial pillars
what stops momentarily in the pharyngeal phase because the vocal folds are shut and the larynx is closed off with the inversion of the epiglottis for protection
respiration
list the three primary sections of the ear
outer ear, middle ear, inner ear
funnels acoustic energy into ear canal, helps us localize sound, made of cartilage
pinna/auricle
list the parts of the pinna
helix, trigs, lobe/ lobule, concha
the name of the structure only 10% of people have the protrusion at the helix
Darwins tubercle
what is the part of the outer ear the leads to the eardrum
external auditory meatus
what is the other name for the external auditory meatus
external auditory canal
what are the two pieces that are apart of the external auditory meatus that are for the protection of the ear
cerumen, cilia
the tool used to see your ear canal and ear drum at the doctors office
autoscope
which part of the ear is an air-filled cavity
middle ear
the middle ear passes along acoustic signal through
mechanical energy
what part of they middle ear separates the outer and middle ears
tympanic membrane
also called the ear drum
tympanic membrane
the tympanic membrane connects to the
ossicular chain
what part of the middle ear can indicate if your ear drum is healthy
cone of light
where the malleus attaches to the ear drum
umbo
list the three bones of the ossicular chair
malleus, incus, stapes
what is the role of the ossicular chain
pass on mechanical energy from tympanic membrane
ossicular chain condenses force into smaller surface area -> increases the energy that enters the inner ear
transformer action
