PPT 9, 10, 11 hearing and swallowing

Question 1

when you are inhaling air what lowers to create a passageway for air to enter your larynx, lungs, etc.

Answer 1

velum

Question 2

list the two volitional stages of swallowing

Answer 2

oral preparatory stage and the oral phase

Question 3

list the two automatic stages of swallowing

Answer 3

pharyngeal phase and esophageal phase

Question 4

automatic stages of swallowing are controlled by our _ nervous system

Answer 4

autonomic

Question 5

list the steps of the oral preparatory phase

Answer 5

labial seal, tension of buccal muscles, mastication, food particles mixed with saliva and collected into a bolus, tongue begins to propel food posteriorly A->P rolling action

Question 6

list the steps of the oral phase

Answer 6

after bolus preparation complete, bolus propelled from oral cavity to the oropharynx, tongue contractions exerts pressure on bolus

Question 7

list the steps of the pharyngeal phase

Answer 7

triggered when bolus passes faucial pillars/tongue base, respiration ceases momentarily, velum elevates and lips sealed, elevation, anterior displacement, and closure of the larynx (this prevents material from entering airway and additional air protection), pharyngeal peristalsis, cricopharynxgeus relaxation and passive opening of UES (driving force of bolus)

Question 8

why is airway closure laryngotracheal protection physiologically linked with the onset of the pharyngeal stage of the swallow

Answer 8

to prevent aspiration we need to mechanisms listed below to be in place

Question 9

what are the key structures used in airway closure during the laryngotracheal protection

Answer 9

closure of true and false vocal folds and inversion of the epiglottis

Question 10

list the components needed in the esophageal phase

Answer 10

closed muscular tube (18-22 cm), upper 1/3 controlled by CNS and mechanical forces (upper esophageal sphincter UES), lower 2/3 autonomic (lower esophageal sphincter LES) , courses ventral to lungs and entrees stomach via diaphragmatic hiatus

Question 11

what does the lower esophageal sphincter connect

Answer 11

connects the esophagus to the stomach

Question 12

issue due to the LES not having proper closure once the bolus passes through and the bolus re-enters the esophagus

Answer 12

Gastro Esophageal Reflex Disease

Question 13

your esophagus and stomach are located _ to the lungs and trachea

Answer 13

posterior

Question 14

what is the term for the movement of the bolus

Answer 14

peristalsis

Question 15

list some differences in pediatric swallowing

Answer 15

in infants the larynx is located much higher than in adults which protects them from aspiration, there isn’t an oropharynx food goes right from the oral cavity to the pharynx to the esophagus, the tongue fills majority of the oral cavity

Question 16

when does the swallow trigger

Answer 16

when the bolus passes the faucial pillars

Question 17

what stops momentarily in the pharyngeal phase because the vocal folds are shut and the larynx is closed off with the inversion of the epiglottis for protection

Answer 17

respiration

Question 18

list the three primary sections of the ear

Answer 18

outer ear, middle ear, inner ear

Question 19

funnels acoustic energy into ear canal, helps us localize sound, made of cartilage

Answer 19

pinna/auricle

Question 20

list the parts of the pinna

Answer 20

helix, trigs, lobe/ lobule, concha

Question 21

the name of the structure only 10% of people have the protrusion at the helix

Answer 21

Darwins tubercle

Question 22

what is the part of the outer ear the leads to the eardrum

Answer 22

external auditory meatus

Question 23

what is the other name for the external auditory meatus

Answer 23

external auditory canal

Question 24

what are the two pieces that are apart of the external auditory meatus that are for the protection of the ear

Answer 24

cerumen, cilia

Question 25

the tool used to see your ear canal and ear drum at the doctors office

Answer 25

autoscope

Question 26

which part of the ear is an air-filled cavity

Answer 26

middle ear

Question 27

the middle ear passes along acoustic signal through

Answer 27

mechanical energy

Question 28

what part of they middle ear separates the outer and middle ears

Answer 28

tympanic membrane

Question 29

also called the ear drum

Answer 29

tympanic membrane

Question 30

the tympanic membrane connects to the

Answer 30

ossicular chain

Question 31

what part of the middle ear can indicate if your ear drum is healthy

Answer 31

cone of light

Question 32

where the malleus attaches to the ear drum

Answer 32

umbo

Question 33

list the three bones of the ossicular chair

Answer 33

malleus, incus, stapes

Question 34

what is the role of the ossicular chain

Answer 34

pass on mechanical energy from tympanic membrane

Question 35

ossicular chain condenses force into smaller surface area -> increases the energy that enters the inner ear

Answer 35

transformer action