PPT 2 Respiration Flashcards
Respiratory structures: Thorax, Nasal and Oral Cavities
the exchange of gas between an organism and its environment
respiration
where we breathe in to bring 02 to the cells
inspiration
where we breathe out to eliminate the waste product
expiration
part of the body that encases the lungs
thorax
composed of 33 segments of bone
vertebral column
your vertebral column is made out of
vertebra
vertebrae numbered sequentially by section from __ to __
superior to inferior
how many cervical vertebrae
7
how many thoracic vertebrae
12
how many lumbar vertebrae
5
how many sacral vertebrae compose sacrum
5
how many fused vertebrae compose coccyx
4
what is the name of c1
atlas
what is the name of the large opening in the middle of your c1
vertebral foramen
what passes through the vertebral foramen
spinal cord
the __ ___ is responsible for supplying blood to your vertebral column and body
basilar artery
your basilar artery passes through
transverse foramen
the facet for occiput is a smooth surface which the ___ ___ lays on
occipital bone
the posterior tubercle is attached to
c1
the atlas holds your
skull
the c2 is called the
axis
the facet for atlas is where
the c1 sits
the odontoid process sits in the grove of
atlas
what process allows you to move your neck laterally
odontoid process
if you were to fracture your neck which two processes could be effected
odontoid and respiration
the rib cage is part of
the bony thorax
the rib cage is attached to
the vertebral column
the rib cage is composed of _ ribs
12
there are _ true ribs
7
there are _ false ribs
3
there are _ floating ribs
2
the twelve ribs slope
downward
the _ serves as a focal point for the rib cage
sternum
the rib cage _ during inspiration
elevates
when the ribs end they are further connected to the sternum from the
costal and chondral cartilages
the pectoral girdle is made up of two parts the:
clavicle and scapula
the function of the pectoral girdle is
to support the upper extremities
aka collar bone
clavicle
aka shoulder
scapula
the parts of the sternum are:
the suprasternal notch, the manubrium stern, manubrosternal angle, corpus, xiphoid process
the depression below your Adams apple
suprasternal notch
where your clavicle and first rib articulate
manubrium sterni
where the 2nd rib articulates and the area between the head of the sternum and the body of the sternum
manubrosternal angle
articulates directly with the 5 remaining true ribs ( and indirectly with the. false ribs)
corpus or body
anterior-most attachment for diaphragm
xiphoid process
the corpus of your _ allows you to do weight baring activities
lumbar
the _ and _ allow you to maintain your sitting posture
sacrum and coccyx
the pelvic girdle includes the:
ilium, sacrum, public bone, and ischium
the _ holds together all of the other bones of the pelvic girdle
ischium
the bone you feel that hits a chair when you are sitting is your
ischium
all four parts of the pelvic girdle are
bones
what supports your lower extremities
pelvic gridle
the respiratory passageway consists of what structures:
oral and nasal cavities, larynx and trachea, bronchial tree and tubes
what connects the lungs with the external environment
respiratory passageway
means opening
vestibule
the _ in the nasal cavity is an external opening
vestibule
the _ is covered with epithelial tissues
respiratory region
in the respiratory region what has the function to secrete and absorb allowing for protection of the nasal cavity
epithelial tissues
what region has specialized cells that allows you to smell things
olfactory
the middle part of the nose that goes right down
septum
curled structures that uncoil to increase the surface area of the nose allowing you to inhale more. and. and act as a speed breaker to insure that there is no internal damage to the nose due to deep inhalation
concha/ turbinate
serves as a passage or canal for air inside of the nose
meatus
drain into the nasal cavity
pasanasal sinuses
list the four paranasal sinuses
frontal nasal sinus, sphenoid sinus, ethmoid air class, maxillary sinus
acts to drain tears from the eye. It opens into the inferior meatus
nasolacrimal duct
opens into the nasopharynx at the level of the inferior meatus. It allows the middle ear to equalize with the atmospheric air pressure
auditory (eustachian) tube
openings of frontal, maxillary and anterior ethmoidal sinuses
semilunar hiatus
opening of the middle ethmoid sinus
ethic bulla
lack of air and resonance in the throat or nasal cavity
hypo nasality
affects the production of nasal consonants
hypo nasality
the sound of speech that results from too much air escaping through the nose during speech
hyper nasality
caused when the soft palate doesn’t lift to restrict air from going through your nose. There is insufficiency in the closer
hyper nasality
airflow through the mouth is trapped, causing muffled speech
cul de sac
a muscular tube that connects the oral and nasal cavity to the larynx and esophagus
pharynx
three parts of the pharynx
nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx
found between the base of the skull and the soft palate
nasopharynx
lined with respiratory epithelium
nasopharynx
contains the adenoid tonsils
posterosuperior nasopharynx
middle part of the pharynx
oropharynx
located between the soft palate and the superior border of the epiglottis
oropharynx
the oropharynx contains the following structures:
posterior 1/3 of the tongue, lingual tonsils, palatine tonsils, superior constrictor muscle, the oropharynx. is involved in the voluntary and involuntary phases of swallowing
the most distal part of the pharynx
laryngopharynx
the laryngopharynx is posterior to the larynx and communicates with it via the
laryngeal inlet
the laryngeopharynx contains the middle and inferior
pharyngeal constrictors
the laryngopharynx is lateral to which one can find the
piriform fossae
the __ __ is characterized by branching of large tubes into smaller tubes
bronchial tree
the two main tubes of the bronchial trees go from
trachea to lungs
bronchial tubes divided further in the
lungs
small tubes terminate in the
final terminal respiratory bronchioles
composed of vascular, elastic tissue
lungs
lung which contains three lobes
right
lung which contains two lobes
left
why is the left lung smaller than the right
it leaves space for the heart
what are the lungs composed of
blood, arterial and venous network, connective tissue, respiratory pathway, and alveoli
the lungs contain over _ million alveoli
300
alveoli are located where
the ends of bronchial tree
the alveoli located at the ends of the bronchial tree are responsible for what
gas exchange: getting rid of CO2 to bring in O2
Your bronchiole is connected to your alveoli through
alveolar ducts
t/f the lungs are attached to your ribcage
false
why would you need a tracheostomy
your oral or nasal cavity is blocked and you need a supplementary form of breathing
what is the term for collapsed lung.
pneumothorax
what is the origin of the diaphragm
xiphoid process
what two parts open into the level of the inferior meatus
Eustachian tube and nasolacrimal duct
what is closely attached to the lung
visceral pleural
what is closed attached to the rib cage
parietal pleural
the intraplural pressure between the visceral pleural and parietal pleural is
negative; allows for lungs to not be collapsed
