PPT 3 Muscles of Respiration Flashcards
Muscles of Respiration and Physiology
breathing requires what type of effort to move the rib cage
muscular
the primary muscle of inspiration
diaphragm
what separates the thorax from the abdomen
diaphragm
a sheet like tendon
central tendon
what way is the diaphragm pulled during inspiration
downward
during inspiration the lungs are expanded in the
vertical dimension
what is the origin of the diaphragm
xiphoid process
what is the insertion of the diaphragm
central tendon
origin of the external and internal intercostals
ribs 1-11
insertion of the external and internal intercostals
upper surface of the rib below
origin of the pectoralis major
sternum at costal cartilages and clavicle
insertion of the pectoralis major
humerus (arm)
origin of the pectoralis minor
ribs 3-5
insertion of the pectoralis minor
scapula
origin of the serratus anterior
ribs 1-9
insertion of the serratus anterior
scapula
also known as the boxing muscle
serratus anterior
why are the accessory neck muscles important
important for respiration, source of stability, control neck flexion and extension
the two specific muscles of the neck are
sternocleidomastoid muscle and scalene
origin of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
sternum
insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
mastoid
origin of the scalene muscles
cervicle spine
insertion of the scalene muscles
ribs 1-2
list the abdominal muscles
rectus abdominis, obliquus externus, transversus abdominus
diaphragm lowers and muscles of inspiration expand the thoracic cavity
inspiration
air pressure in the lungs is greater than atmospheric air pressure forcing air to rush out
exhalation
gravity acting on elevated rib cage and elasticity of lung tissue help to return the Thorax and lungs to their relaxed state and ready to begin the next respiratory cycle
tidal breathing
differs in numbers of breaths per minute (fewer), increased exhalation time, more air exchanged during a respiratory cycle
speech breathing
rate and depth of breathing is determined by what
the CO2 and oxygen levels in the blood
for Boyles law when volume increases pressure _
decreases
volume changes by physiological behaviors of muscle (muscular effort) to increase the
thoracic cavity
during respiration the diaphragm contracts and moves
downward
when the diaphragm contracts and moves downward, lung volume _ and the pulmonic pressure _
increases, decreases
when air rushes into the lungs the atmospheric pressure is
higher
when the diaphragm relaxes and the passive forces of exhalation occur the lungs volume _ and the pulmonic pressure _
decreases, increases
when air rushes out of the lungs, the atmospheric pressure is
lower
separating the respiratory system into parts, so that we can obtain an estimated amount of air each compartment can hold
volumes
more functional units, combinations of volumes that express physiological limits
capacities
list the four types of volumes
tidal, inspiratory reserve, expiratory reserve, residual
quantity of air inhaled in 1 cycle of respiration
tidal volume
amount inhaled after inhaling
inspiratory reserve volume
amount exhaled after exhaling
expiratory reserve volume
left over after expiratory reserve volume
residual volume
breathing rate of infants
30-80 breaths/minute
breathing rate of preschoolers
20-30 breaths/minute
breathing rate of adults
12 to 18 per/minute
what causes the discrepancy of breaths/minutes thru the lifespan
the thorax expands during development and thus is stretches the lungs beyond their natural volume and babies have a fewer number of alveoli thus they must exchange gasses more quickly to meet their metabolic needs
name the four respiratory capacities
inspiratory, functional residual, vital, total lung
everything we can inhale above IC= TV+ IRV
inspiratory capacity
the amount of air left after exhaling FRC= ERV+ RV
functional residual capacity
the quantity of air available for respiration= max inhale after max exhale VC = IRV+TV=ERV`
vital capacity
everything your lungs are capable of holding TLC= IRV + TV + ERV + RV
total lung capacity
individual breathes into the tube causing a volume of water to be displaced, spirogram- graphic recording of spirometer
wet spirometer
individual breathes into a U-shaped tube full of water
manometer
the 5 pressures for non speech and speech functions
alveolar, intrapleural, sub glottal, intraoral, atmospheric
atmosphere enters pressure on the surface of the earth
atmospheric pressure
pressure within the lungs, measured in the individual alveolus
alveolar or pulmonic pressure
the pressure b/t the parietal and visceral pleurae
pleural or intrapleural pressure
the pleural pressure throughout respiration has what charge
negative
pressure below the vocal folds
subglottal pressure
pressure that could be measured within the mouth
intraoral pressure
