PPT 14 Subcortical structures

Question 1

which structures are located below the level of the cortex

Answer 1

brainstem, basal ganglia, cerebellum, thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus

Question 2

evoluntionarily the oldest part of the brain

Answer 2

brainstem

Question 3

connects the spinal cord to the sub cortex and cortex

Answer 3

brainstem

Question 4

list the three main parts of the brainstem

Answer 4

midbrain, pons, medulla

Question 5

mot superior section of the brainstem housing the substantial nigra

Answer 5

midbrain

Question 6

part of the midbrain that holds dopamine and contains cells that produces dopamine

Answer 6

substantia nigra

Question 7

which part of the brainstem can have a large impact on individuals with Parkinson’s disease

Answer 7

midbrain

Question 8

middle structure of the brainstem that connects the cerebellum to the rest of the brain

Answer 8

pons

Question 9

in individuals with strokes at the level of pons we would need to work a lot with

Answer 9

respiration

Question 10

most inferior portion of the brainstem that connects to the spinal cord

Answer 10

medulla

Question 11

the point of decussation for spinal nerves

Answer 11

medulla

Question 12

what functions is the medulla in charge of

Answer 12

heart rate, breathing, vomiting, blood pressure

Question 13

where the tracts cross over resulting to damage to the left side of the brain impacting the right side of the body

Answer 13

decussation of pyramids

Question 14

list the three main parts of the basal ganglia

Answer 14

caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus

Question 15

Takes unnecessary or extra movements out of the motor plan and have a role in motor learning

Answer 15

basal ganglia

Question 16

regulates muscle tone to help execute voluntary motor functions smoothly

Answer 16

basal ganglia

Question 17

makes adjustments to motor plan to meet objective and helps us to move sequentially

Answer 17

cerebellum

Question 18

is highly impacted by alcohol consumption

Answer 18

cerebellum

Question 19

is the sensory relay station

Answer 19

thalamus

Question 20

all afferent signals except what pass through the thalamus

Answer 20

olfactory

Question 21

highly involved in the endocrine system

Answer 21

hypothalamus

Question 22

is the master gland of your body controlling all of the other glands

Answer 22

pituitary gland

Question 23

which autonomic functions are controlled by the pituitary gland and the hypothalamus

Answer 23

reproductive behavior, hunger and thirst, metabolic function , can also have some impact on emotion

Question 24

located deep in the temporal lobe

Answer 24

hippocampus

Question 25

very important for short and long term memory as well as learning new skills and concepts

Answer 25

hippocampus

Question 26

what are the cells within the nervous system called

Answer 26

neurons

Question 27

what are the three main parts of the neurons

Answer 27

axon, soma, dendrite

Question 28

communicates motor plans from the brain to the muscles

Answer 28

motor neurons

Question 29

communicates with other neuron

Answer 29

interneurons

Question 30

communicates messages from sensory receptors to the brain and spinal cord

Answer 30

sensory neurons

Question 31

originate at the level of cortex or the level of brainstem

Answer 31

upper motor neurons

Question 32

originate outside of the spinal cord and extend towards the muscles

Answer 32

lower motor neurons

Question 33

if you have an upper motor neuron lesion you may see a

Answer 33

contralateral deficit

Question 34

if you have a lower motor neuron lesion you may ee an

Answer 34

ipsilater issue

Question 35

the upper motor neuron are located in the __ nervous system

Answer 35

central

Question 36

the lower motor neuron are located in the ___ nervous system

Answer 36

peripheral

Question 37

what are the 5 types of glial cells

Answer 37

Schwann cells, oligodendrocytes, microglia, astrocytes, ependymal calls

Question 38

build myelin in the peripheral nervous system

Answer 38

Schwann cells

Question 39

build myelin in the central nervous system

Answer 39

oligodendrocytes

Question 40

remove dead cells and waste

Answer 40

microglia

Question 41

line blood vessels, regulate transmission of substances across vessels, form scar tissue in brain

Answer 41

astrocytes

Question 42

line the ventricles

Answer 42

ependymal cells

Question 43

insulates the axons of neurons

Answer 43

myelin

Question 44

helps to conduct messages much quicker

Answer 44

myelin

Question 45

which two types of nerves are in the peripheral nervous system

Answer 45

cranial nerves and spinal nerves

Question 46

what helps to connect the central nervous system to sensory receptors and muscles

Answer 46

cranial nerves

Question 47

s/m/b olfactory; function?

Answer 47

sensory, sense of smell

Question 48

s/m/b optic; function

Answer 48

sensory; sends visual signals

Question 49

s/m/b oculomotor ; function

Answer 49

motor; eye movements

Question 50

s/m/b trochlear; function

Answer 50

motor; oblique muscle, eyelid

Question 51

s/m/b trigeminal; function

Answer 51

both; sensation from the face, makes certain facial muscles move

Question 52

s/m/b abducens ; function

Answer 52

motor; abducts the eye, controls one eye muscle (lateral rectus)

Question 53

s/m/b facial; function

Answer 53

both; facial expressions and helps in taste

Question 54

s/m/b vestibulocochlear; function

Answer 54

sensory; hearing/auditory nerve

Question 55

s/m/b glossopharyngeal; function

Answer 55

both; taste

Question 56

s/m/b vagus ; function

Answer 56

both; taste, helps you speak

Question 57

s/m/b accessory; function

Answer 57

motor; trapezius muscle

Question 58

s/m/b hypoglossal; function

Answer 58

motor; tongue