PPT 1 Flashcards
Foundation of Anatomy and Physiology- basic terminology
What are the body systems for speech
Respiratory, Phonatory, Articulatory, Resonatory, Nervous
Includes smooth, striated, and cardiac muscle
Muscular system
includes bones and cartilages
skeletal system
includes oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, liver, intestines
digestive system
includes oral/nasal passages, pharyngeal cavities, trachea, bronchial passageways, and lungs
respiratory system
includes CNS + PNS
nervous system
Includes arteries + veins
circulatory system
groups of organs/structures working together for a particular function
body systems
t/f organs and structures can belong to more than one system
true
highly specialized communicative tissue consisting of neurons
nervous tissue
nervous tissue transmits information from:
neuron to neuron, neuron to muscle, sensory receptor to brain/ spinal cord
information goes from your brain to the muscle
efferent
information goes from the muscle to the brain and neurons
afferent
three types of muscles
striated, smooth, cardiac
skeletal muscle that helps with voluntary actions
striated
muscle of internal organs that help with involuntary movements
smooth
combination of striated and smooth that helps with involuntary actions
cardiac
muscle that moves a structure
agonist
muscle that opposes movement
antagonist
muscle used to stabilize structure
synergist
point of attachment of least mobile element
origin
point of attachment that moves as a result of muscle contraction
insertion
what are the two things that muscle tissue does
contracts and relaxes
what tissue is stimulated by nerves
muscle tissue
what are the three types of synovial joints
ball and socket joint, hinge joint condylar joint
functional connections between bones or cartilages
joints
immovable joint like bones of skull
fibrous joints
limited mobility like disks of vertebral column
cartilaginous joints
freely moving like elbows hips and arytenoids
synovial joints
describe 5 of the characteristics of bone
rigid, begins as cartilaginous mass, calcifies to provide rigidity/ compressive strength, protects organs, provides skeletal support
firm and flexible, has both compressive and tensile strength
cartilage
described as fluid connective tissue (plasma), blood cells suspended in matrix
blood
sheet-like membrane surrounding organs and muscles; dense fibrous tissue
fascia
tough and fibrous connective tissue
ligaments
ligaments connects:
bone to bone, cartilage to cartilage, bone to cartilage
abundance of closely packed fibers
tendons
non-elastic cords
tendons
tendons connects muscle to:
bone, cartilage, other muscle
forms branching network to support lymphocytes ; found in tonsils and adenoids
lymphoid tissue
areolar tissue that is highly impregnated with fat cells, serves as an energy reserve
adipose tissue
elastic, loose connective tissue, forms bed for skin and mucous membranes, supports organs, between muscles
areolar tissue
supportive tissue that binds structures together, supports the body or aids in body maintenance
connective tissue
what type of epithelial tissues appear flat, assist in diffusion and filtration, and can be found in alveolar ducts
squamous
what type of epithelial tissues are organized “cubes” packed more tightly together in tissues than squamous cells, specialized for secretion, and are found in salivary glands
cuboidal
what type of epithelial tissues look long and cylindrical, are specialized for absorption and secretion and can be found in the stomach lining
columnar
tightly packed protective sheet of cells, lining for the surface of body and internal surfaces of cavities
epithelial tissue
epithelial tissue is most commonly found as
skin and superficial layers of mucous membranes
group of cellular material specialized to perform a specific function
tissue
what are the 4 basic types of tissue
epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
what are the building blocks of life that vary by tissue
cells
list the building blocks of an organism in order
cells, tissues, organs, systems
vertical, longitudinal, vertical cut divides body into left and right portions
sagittal
horizontal, cross-sectional, divides body into upper and lower parts
transverse
frontal, vertical cut that runs parallel to the forehead, cuts body into front and back portions
coronal
same side
ipsilateral
opposite side
contralateral
away from the trunk
distal
toward the body
proximal
toward the axis or midline
medial
away from the axis or midline, toward the side
lateral
toward the top, above
superior
toward the bottom, below
inferior
on the back
supine
positioning on the belly
prone
closer to the surface
superficial
away from the surface, closer to the axis of the body
deep
toward the head
rostal or cranial
toward the tail, away from the head, only used to describe trunk not extremities
caudal
away from the backbone
ventral
towards the backbone
dorsal
toward the front of the body
anterior
toward the back of the body
posterior
attached to the trunk
extremities
chest region
thorax
represented externally as anterior abdominal wall
abdomen
combination of thorax and abdomen
trunk
the study of the structure of an organism
anatomy
the study of the functions of the body and its components
physiology
