PPT 13 Neuroanatomy Flashcards
conduit for information to and from the brain
Central Nervous system
composed of the brain and spinal cord
Central nervous system
carries sensory and motor information to and from the body and cns
peripheral nervous system
the cerebrum is composed of ___ matter and ____ matter
grey and white
made up of cell bodies
grey matter
nerve tracts that connect parts of nervous system, myelin
white matter
what are the groove in the cortex called
sulci and fissures
bulges in cortex are termed
gyri
divides the right and left hemisphere
longitudinal fissure
what are the three major sulci
lateral sulcus, central sulcus, parietooccipital
separates the frontal lobe and the parietal lobe from the temporal lobe
lateral sulci
separates the frontal lobe from your parietal lobe
central sulcus
separates your parietal lobe from your occipital lobe
parietooccipital
connect your cortex to your sub cortex to your brainstem to your spinal cord
projection fibers
starts at the cortex and end at the spinal tract
cortical spinal track
goes from the cortex to the brainstem
cortical bulbar
connect your left hemisphere to your right hemisphere
commissural fibers
one of the commissural fibers that connects the left to the right hemisphere
corpus callosum
connect structures within the same hemisphere
association fibers
_____ association fibers connect structures that are beside one another
shorter U-fibers
connects structures that are distanced from one another within the same hemisphere
longer U-fibers
list the 5 cerebral lobes
frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insular
located at the anterior aspect of both hemispheres
frontal lobes
which lobe is responsible for judgement, reasoning, personality, intellectual functioning, abstract thinking and long term memory
frontal lobes
what are the motor areas in the frontal lobe
primary motor area, supplementary motor area
important for sequencing your motor movements
supplementary motor area
aka the inferior frontal gyrus
Broca’s area
confluent speech, dsyprosody, associated with apraxia and dysarthria, comprehension better than production are all characteristics of _____
Broca’s aphasia
most of the motor movements controlled by the primary motor cortex are for your
hand, face, and oral cavity
inferior to lateral sulcus
temporal lobe
hearing center located in upper half of anterior two thirds of lobe
temporal lobe
primary auditory area is responsible for which functions
specific tone discrimination, loudness, quality of sound
the secondary auditory area is responsible for
interpreting the meaning of the spoken word and music
which specific language area is located inside of the temporal lobe
wernike’s area
which specific language are lies posterior part of superior temporal lobe, is important for integration of sensory input, developed in only one hemisphere
wernicke’s area
t/f Broca’s area and wernike’s area are developed in both hemispheres
false
what is the primary somatosensory cortex responsible for
receiving input from receptors located throughout the body
what is the secondary somatosensory cortex responsible for
receiving input that has already been processed in deeper brain
what are the sensory inputs of the parietal lobe
shape, size, weight, texture, consistency as well as touch, pressure, and position
refers to sensory information from different parts of your body
somatosensory
the primary visual cortex of the occipital lobe is responsible for
receiving most direct signal from the eyes
the secondary visual cortex of the occipital lobe is responsible for
visual association area, vision and meaning of written word interpreted
which lobe is responsible for interpreting your visual stimulus
occipital lobe
what is referred to as the 5th lobe
insular cortex
which lobe can’t be seen for the surface and is located at the bottom of the lateral sulcus
insular cortex
t/f all sensory and motor tracts cross the body’s midline
true
called the little brain
cerebellum
the cerebellum is covered with
cerebellar cortex
the cerebellum is divided by the
vermis
cerebellar connections to the spinal cord, brain stem, and forebrain are represented by
3 cerebellar peduncles
is involved ion the coordination of movement and motor learning
cerebellum
membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord
meninges
provide protection against the rough surface of the skull, cushions brain against external forces
meninges
outer thigh later, name meaning tough mother
dura mater
the middle layer, overlies the arachnoid space, blood vessels run through arachnoid layer
arachnoid mater
the inner layer, overlies every detail of the outer brain
pia mater
double layered, whitish, inelastic, fibrous membrane
dura mater
subdural space between dura and arachnoid contains lubricating fluid that prevents adhesion
dura mater
the middle covering that is “spider web like”
arachnoid
membranes form the cisterns of the ___ space
subarachnoid
gives shape of gyri, sulci
pia mater
innermost, meshlike, vascular layer
pia mater
difficult to separate from the gray matter, very finely attached
pia mater
potential space between dura and skull
epidural space
potential space between dura and arachnoid layer
subdural space
space between arachnoid and Pia mater; contains CSF, blood vessels, circle of willis
subarachnoid space
at the base of the brain, direct csf upward over the cerebral hemispheres
cisterns
substance which the brain floats in as it provides cushion
cerebrospinal fluid
helps remove byproducts of metabolism
cerebrospinal fluid
flows around the cerebral hemispheres
cerebrospinal fluid
an excess amount of CSF in the brain
Hydrocephalus
CSF is shunted to the abdominal cavity where it is absorbed into the blood supply
Shunting
list the three types of stroke
thrombotic, embolic, hemorrhagic
the blood clot is developed inside the brain, it could be on any blood vessels that is supplying directly to the brain
thrombotic
there is a free floating clot in the heart or neck and it travels to reach the brain. People who have clots in their heart, a part of the blot breaks off and flows to the brain and causes a stroke
embolic
the blood clot has ruptured the blood vessels and there is an active bleeding in the brain. It effects the blood vessels and there is an active bleed
hemorrhagic
which type of stroke is most often fatal
hemorrhagic
abnormal dilation of artery
aneurysm
usually due to hypertension
arterial hemorrhage
