PPT 5 - Exam 1

Question 1

Greece- the classical period

Answer 1

Athens becomes the leading city on the mainland

Question 2

Acropolis

Answer 2

High city
In Greek city-state
Was the location of the most important temples and religious shrines

4 buildings constructed here during the classical period (479-323 BC) - the golden age

Question 3

The Parthenon, Athens 448-432 BC

Answer 3

Dedicated to the patron goddess of the city - Athena Pallas or Parthenos
Parthenos = the virgin (in greek)
Designed by architects Iktinos and Kalikrates
Sculptor: Phidias
Took 10 years to construct 447-438 BC
Decorations were completed in 432 BC

Question 4

Parthenon continued

Answer 4

Doric peripteral octastyle temple
Peripteral - surrounded by one row of columns
Octastyle- 8 columns in the front and back side
Slender column proportions
Continuous frieze around the exterior of the cella wall
Actual use of ionic order in the western opisthodomos
Gable- the pedimented end of a classical temple, the triangular space at the end of a double-pitched roof

Question 5

The propylaea, Athens ca. 437-432 BC

Answer 5

“Gate building”
Architect - Mnesikles
Used white pentelic marble and grey eleusinian marble or limestone for accent

Question 6

The temple of Athena Nike, Athens (ca. 427-410 BC)

Answer 6

Athena Nike- Athena victorious
Located to the right of the propylaea
Designed by Kallikrates (architect of the Parthenon) around 448 BC
Built around 420s

Question 7

The erechtheion, Athens (ca. 421-407 BC)

Answer 7

Last temple built on the classical Athena acropolis
Marks the location of the contrast between Athena and Poseidon
Unique multilevel design

Question 8

The porch of the caryatids

Answer 8

Part of erechtheion
Very famous
“Porch of the maidens”
6 draped female figures set in palace of columns

Question 9

The Hellenistic period

Answer 9

Hellenistic- art and architecture associated with the extended empire of Alexander and his successors Seleucid and Ptolemy
Seleucid: Anatolia to the Indus River
Ptolemy: Egypt
Shifts away from the typical Doric Athenian style to the more decorative style of the western side or Asia Minor -the exuberant Ionian and Corinthian styles
-no column spacing requirements
-the frieze runs continuously
-elimination of the sequences arrangement of metopes and triglyphs

Question 10

Temple of Apollo epicurius at bassai ca. 450-425 BC

Answer 10

UNESCO world heritage site
Designed by Iktinos
Employs all 3 orders
Unusually oriented- main entrance facing the north (normally east)
First known to use the Corinthian order
First known to use the ionic order for a cella interior

Question 11

Sanctuary of asklepios, epidauros ca. 360-330 BC

Answer 11

Large complex devoted to healing through exercising, diet, and medical care
Corinthian order

Question 12

Choragic monument of lysikrates, Athens (ca. 335 BC)

Answer 12

Well preserved small cylindrical structures
Corinthian order used as wall articulation
Inspired architect William Strickland
-Philadelphia exchange
-Tennessee state capital cupola in Nashville

Question 13

Theater at epidauros

Answer 13

Some believe it was designed by polykleitos (architect of the tholos)
Concentric searing with radial and cross aisles, accommodates 14,000 seats
Focused on the circular orchestra (flat area for dancing)
Skene- backdrop building in classic theater
Proskenium - raised platform from which actors declared their lines
Amazing acoustic design, still used for performances