PPT 14 - Exam 4 Flashcards
Major achievement of the humanity during the middle age
The medieval power revolution - the use of non-human power
Water power
Waterwheel and mill technology
Horizontal water wheel or Norse mill
Undershot wheels
Overshot wheels
Vertically mounted water wheel rotated by falling water striking paddles
After 10th century
Water wheels start to be used for power processes other than grinding grains
Wind power
Windmills
- developed in Persia around 500-900 ad
- used for operating various types of machines
- improved sailing ships
Horse power
Essential for wars, agriculture, and transport
Collars - resting on the animals shoulders facilitated traction without choking
Metal horseshoes to protect their hooves from wear and tear
Church design evolution
Basilicas style
Domed cross structural unit
Wooden staged spire
Fireproof material
Design tools
Used paper, parchment, and wood to draw plans
Materials and tools
Stone, mortar, iron, wood
Similar tools to ones used by romans
Tread wheel cranes
Wheelbarrows
Comfort and building systems
Light, heating and cooling, storm water management, running water, acoustics
Focused on comfort a lot
Medieval bridges
9th-10th century
-Roman style
11th century
-medieval signature : varied, flexible, unusual
Pont d’avigon
Constructed by Benezet, across the Rhône
4 of the 21 original elliptical arches surged to this day
London bridge
Ca. 1179-1209
London England
Engineered by Peter of Colechurch
19 irregular pointed arches
Made of square stone
Collapsed a few times during its 600 years of existence and usage
Conclusion about bridges
Heavy with strong foundations
Narrow- one way traffic with safety islands over the piers
Not resistant to support heavy loads
Vulnerable to the elements (wind and weather)
Canals and tunnels
China
-the grand canal
France
-diversion of the durance river waters to flour mills and irrigation
Italy
-naviglio grande
