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Arch Eng History > PPT 10 - Exam 3 > Flashcards

PPT 10 - Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

China

A

3rd largest country in the world

Largest population

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2
Q

Great Wall of China

A

Different parts of it were built under different feudal lords in northern China
Unified by the first Qin emperor in 221 BCE
Rebuilt during the Ming dynasty in 1368-1644 CE
4000 miles long
One of the greatest wonders of the world
Current finishing: brick

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3
Q

Chinese philosophies

A

Daoism (Taoism)

  • based on the classical writing - Tao te Ching
  • mainly used in the design of Chinese gardens

Confucianism

  • Confucius (551-479 BCE)
  • respect of authority
  • influenced the city planning and traditional house design
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4
Q

Chinese religion

A

Animism - a reverence of natural features and cosmic elements (trees, rocks, sky, sun, moon)

Yin and yang - complementary duality of the two energies

Buddhism - initiated in India
-Buddhist architectural ideas from India influenced Chinese buildings

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5
Q

Indian cave temples

A

Karli, India
Ca. 100 BC

Gigantic Buddha representation in the stupa

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6
Q

Mogao caves

A

System of 492 temples were a center of culture on the Silk Road and contain well preserved religious murals and carvings spanning 1000 Years

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7
Q

Yungang caves

A

20 large caves exhibiting Indian and Hellenistic influences

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8
Q

Longmen cave

A

1,350 caves and 40 pagodas, thousands of Buddhist statues carved out of the hard limestone cliffs

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9
Q

Chinese Buddhist temple elements

A

Hall for venerating images of Buddha

Pagoda- tapering tower with multiple roof levels, built by Buddhists particularly in China and Japan

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10
Q

Stupas

A

Small mounds of stone and earth raised over the relics

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11
Q

Viharas

A

Monasteries created by the Buddhist monks who settled around stupas

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12
Q

Circumambulation path

A

Circular processional path central to the Buddhist ritual

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13
Q

Harmica

A

The square railing at the top of a stupa

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14
Q

Chatra

A

A triple tiered umbrella form set atop a stupa, symbolic of the Bodhi tree under which Buddha gained enlightenment

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15
Q

Songyue Pagado

A 
Dengfeng, China 
523
Oldest surviving brick structure in China 
Parabolic shape 
15 tiers of roof
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16
Q

Longhua Pagoda

A

Shanghai, China
977
part of the Longhua temple- the oldest and largest temple in shanghai
Brick body and wooden staircases
7 stories, each one smaller than the one below it

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17
Q

Fogong Monastery

A

Shanxi, China
1056
Oldest surviving wood pagado, and one of the tallest wood structures in the world
5 levels

18
Q

Chinese architectural principles

A

Wood and post-and-beam

Roof structures

Jian- modular unit used in construction

19
Q

Yingzao-fasha

A

Book of building standards (ca. 11th century)

Written by Li Jie during Song Dynasty

20
Q

Quin dynasty

A

1644-1911

3 painting styles

  • hexi
  • xuanzi
  • Suzhou
21
Q

Feng shui

A

The Chinese art of adjusting a design to site-specific conditions so as to promote harmony in accordance with daoist principles

22
Q

Jinci temple - hall of sacred mother

A

1023-1032

Confucian tradition- hilly site with a running water system

23
Q

Beijing - city planning

A

An excellent representation of the ancient city planning principles

24
Q

House design

A

Typical design mostly constructed of a regime wood frame modules was used
Family’s privacy is very important and protected

25
Q

Tulou

A

Courtyard house built of clay in 18th century

26
Q

Landscape design

A

Applied daoist principles
Because an art form that used the scenic values of the natural forms and explored the site natural settings
Meant to be irregular and picturesque to create a relaxing atmosphere that would promote a meditative State upon nature

27
Q

Japanese architecture

A

Originally heavily influenced by Chinese, Indian, and Korean architecture

28
Q

Horta-ji temple complex

A

Nara, Japan
8th century
Claims to have the oldest and tallest wooden structures in Japan

Lecture hall - kodo- used for instructing monks within the monastery

29
Q

Shinto shrines- Ise Shrine

A

Uji-Yamada, Japan
690
Small and modest in design

30
Q

Minka

A

Wooden Japanese folk houses, typical of rural communities

31
Q

Tatami

A

Mats woven of rice straw, approximately three by six feet

32
Q

Fusuma

A

Vertical rectangular sliding panels that can act as dividing walls or doors
They can easily redefine indoor spaces

33
Q

Shoji

A

Room divider similar to the fusuma, made of translucent paper

34
Q

Castles

A

Occupied a block; oriented towards the south; axial main hall flanked by side walls; facing a courtyard; pond and extensive landscaping

35
Q

Yoshimura house

A

Osaka, Japan
Ca. 1620
One of the best known farmhouses
Open for visitation 2 times a year

36
Q

Himeji castle (Egrets or the White Heron castle)

A

Himeji, Japan
1609

Most spectacular and best preserved Samurai fortress

37
Q

Zen Buddhism

A 
Chan Buddhism - a meditative practice 
Rapidly adopted by the upper governmental class especially the leading class of warriors -the samurai
38
Q

Jizodo of shofukuji temple

A

Japan
1404
A one story building located on the grounds of that temple
It is considered a national treasure

39
Q

Katsura imperial villa

A

Tokyo, Japan
17th century
Considered one of the finest examples of Japanese architecture in existence

40
Q

Tea houses

Katsura imperial villa

A

Tokyo, Japan
17th century
5 tea houses separated from the main house, with a small entrance from a courtyard garden for practicing the art of tea ceremony

41
Q

Gardens

Katsura imperial villa

A

Tokyo, Japan
17th Century
Definitely one of the most beautiful gardens in Japan

Arch Eng History (21 decks)

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