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Arch Eng History > PPT 11 - Exam 3 > Flashcards

PPT 11 - Exam 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Islam

A

Originated in Arabia

Religion formed by the prophet Mohammed

5 basic truths accepted by the Islamic worshippers

  • believe in the oneness of God (allah)
  • pray 5 times a day
  • fast from sunrise to sun set during Ramadan
  • make at least one pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca (only if health/wealth permitting)
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2
Q

Ka’ba

A

Mecca, Saudi Arabia
Ca. 630

One of the earliest Islamic shrines
Built long before it was transformed into an Islamic shrine
Space around it was cleared to allow for circular processor (circumambulation) around the stone

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3
Q

Dome of the rock

A

Jerusalem, Israel
687-691
3rd most important pilgrimage spot after Mecca and Medina
Located on mont moriah where Abraham offered to sacrifice his son to God

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4
Q

Mosque elements

A

An Islamic house of prayer

Design influenced by

  • Mohamed’s house in Medina
  • Christian churches
  • Persian imperial audience halls
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5
Q

Great mosque of Damascus

A

(706-15)

Oldest existing mosque

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6
Q

Regional variation in mosque design

A

Columnar or hypostyle mosques - specific in Arabia, North Africa, Spain

Iwan mosques - specific in Iran, Central Asia (Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, turkmenistan)

Multi-domed mosques - specific in turkey

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7
Q

Great mosque of al-Mutawakkil

A

Samarra, Iraq
Ca. 848-852

A columned hall or hypostyle mosque
One monumental spiral brick minaret (similar to ziggurats)
One of Iraq’s most beautiful treasure

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8
Q

Great mosque of Córdoba

A

Spain
Ca. 833-988

Columned hall or hypostyle mosques
Initially constructed in 765
Three extensions making it the largest mosque in Spain

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9
Q

Maqsura

A

In early mosques, an area in front of the mihrab reserved for officials and sometimes given extra ornamentation (unusual vaulting or a dome) or special screening for security

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10
Q

Iwan mosques

A

Roofed or vaulted chamber open on one side, often facing the courtyard of a mosque

Examples:
Bibi Kanum mosque, Samarkand, Uzbekistan
Friday mosque and masjid-I- shah mosque , Isfahan, Iran
Friday mosque, fatehpur, India

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11
Q

Bibi kanum mosque

A

Samarkand, Uzbekistan
1399
Initiated by timur- military and political leader

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12
Q

Friday mosque

A

Isfahan, Iran
8th century

Use of stalactite like muqarnas vaults
Muquarnas - Islamic vault treatment that fragments the surface into many concave segments

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13
Q

Masjid-I-shah mosque

A

Isfahan, Iran
17th century

Architects : bibi al-zaman tuni and ali akbar al-isfahani

Symmetrical design

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14
Q

Friday mosque

A

Fatehpur Sikri, India
1568-1571

Constructed in red stone
Dominant courtyards

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15
Q

Domed mosques

A

Specific in the Asian turkey - Anatolia

Inspired by the Byzantine churches from Constantinople and adopted by the ottoman turks

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16
Q

Shezade mosque

A

Istanbul, turkey
1545-1548

Constructed on the site of justinians church of the holy apostles

Caravanserai - accommodation for foreign merchants, who sold at whole sale prices

17
Q

Mosque of suleyman the magnificent

A

Istanbul, turkey
1550-1557

Asymmetrical layout of the complex

18
Q

Selimiye mosque

A

Edirne, turkey
1568-1575

Considered sinans masterpiece built for Selim II

19
Q

Taj Mahal

A

Agra, India
1631-1647

Crown palace- most famous domed tomb and one of the worlds most celebrated buildings
Built by- shah jahan
Architects: Ahmad lahawri, abd al-karim ma’mur khan, makramat kan

20,000 workers
22 Years to build

20
Q

Houses

A 
Privacy and seclusion 
Plain exterior walls to the street 
Houses developed around courtyards 
Windows at ground level 
Women and children separated from men and guests
21
Q

Urban settings

A

Bazar- covered market

A governor- controls the territory

22
Q

Alhambra

A

Granada, Spain
Ca. 1390

The royal residence of nasrid dynasty
Rebounded for its wonderful gardens

23
Q

Patio of arrayanes

A

Part of Alhambra

Built around a rectangular pool

24
Q

Patio of leones

A

Part of Alhambra

Interior garden
2 cross axial water channels
Central water fountain guarded by slander columns

25
Q

Islamic architecture

A

Two elements in a mosque - outdoor court and indoor praying hall
Minarets - or towers
A 4-iwan plan
-iwan: roofed or vaulted chamber open on one side, often facing the courtyard of a mosque
Domes and cupolas
Arabesque - geometric shapes and repetitive art
Decorative items

Arch Eng History (21 decks)

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