PPT 3 - Exam 1

Question 1

What factors stimulated the development of engineering

Answer 1

City development
Buildings functional and esthetic
Improved transportation
Hydraulic systems

Question 2

Knowledge and scientific achievements in Mesopotamia

Answer 2

Knowledge of practical mathematics
Understood the right triangle and it’s specific relationships
New how to calculate area, volume of masonry and excavated soil for canals
Solved simple equations
They used the 60 (hexadecimal) number system (used today for time and for measuring angles)
Might have had drawing plans
-the statue of Gudea with a drawing in his lap

Question 3

Engineering achievements in Mesopotamia

Answer 3

Temple of Marduk (Babylon)
-Nebuchadnezzar II tower
Double set of walls, one inner and one outer

Southern Palace of Nebuchadnezzar II 
hanging gardens (Babylon) 

Ziggurat at Ur

• sun dried bricks, some stone, burnt bricks for exterior covers
• to provide durability: second wall behind and above upon an interior mound of earth
• used green roofs
• bitumen and asphalt used as binding material

Question 4

More engineering achievements in Mesopotamia

Answer 4

The palace of Sargon II, Khorsabad (8th century BC)
-moist or partially dried bricks that stuck together as they hardened
-finished with stucco or enameled brick
-limestone monolith (20 tons)
Interior courts of the palace paved with stone set in asphalt
-storm water drains

Question 5

Early hydraulic engineering in Mesopotamia

Answer 5

Marib or Yemen Dam, Arabian shores of the Red Sea
-2mile long

Jerwan Adueduct, Nineveh (ca. 7th century BC)

Siloam pool, Jerusalem, Israel (ca 7th century BC)

Question 6

Indus hydraulic engineering

Answer 6

Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, Indus River valley, Pakistan (ca. 2500 BC)
-embarked and controlled the Indus River

Question 7

Egyptian Engineering

3 factors determining the character of the Egyptian Engineering

Answer 7

1. Great supply of human labor
2. We’ll organized labor
3. Great quantity of building stone in the upper Nile area

Question 8

Egyptian pyramids and temples

Construction theories

Answer 8

Sand mound theory

Rocker or cradle theory
-cradle sled used loading and lifting: from the drawings inside the pyramids

Ramp theory
-slipped ramp could be strait or spiraled around the pyramid with platforms, turns, an outside retaining wall of stone/brick

Seesawing method may have been used to lift the huge 55-Tom granite lintels