ppt

Question 1

Secondary packaging plays a vital role in the marketing strategy surrounding the product. This is especially relavent in case of display packaging.

Answer 1

Branding and Display

Question 2

secondary packaging serves to group sevaral products together for ease of handling, transport and storage.

Answer 2

Logistics

Question 3

Components of packaging

Answer 3

Container and closure

Question 4

may be defined as a device in which the drug is enclosed and is in direct contact with the drug.

Answer 4

container

Question 5

is a device which seals the container to exclude oxygen, carbon dioxide, moisture, micro-organisms and prevent the loss of volatile substances.

Answer 5

closure

Question 6

is a mechanical device which is screwed on and off of a threaded “finish” on a container.

• Either continuous threads or lugs are used.
• Metal caps can be either preformed or in some instances, rolled on after application.
• Plastic caps may use several types of molded polymer

Answer 6

screw closure

Question 7

Beverage bottles are frequently closed using this

These are shallow metal caps that are crimped into locking position around the head of the bottle

Answer 7

crown caps

Question 8

For opening, the top is designed to pry off or, break off, or have a built in dispenser.

Answer 8

snap on

Question 9

a bottle that can dispense, squirt, spray or mist fluids.
A common use for this is dispensing cool cleaners, cosmetics, and chemical specialties.

Answer 9

spray bottles

Question 10

• Most common
• Made entirely of glass in a size
range of 0.5-50mL.
• Glass may be neutral or lime soda but former is preferred.

Answer 10

Ampoules

Question 11

• Cylindrical glass tubes with a capacity of slightly more than 1mL.
• They are closed at one end with a rubber stopper and the other end by a rubber plunger.
• Compared with ampoules, they are quicker and easier to use. They are safer as accidental contact with potent drug preparations in the injection is minimised as well as there is no possibility of injecting glass spicules.
• More suitable for suspensions.

Answer 11

Cartridges

Question 12

• It is often called a blood bottle because it is used for giving and taking blood.
• It is most popular for IV fluids.
• The graduated capacity is 540mL, volume being the sum of anticoagulants(120mL) and blood
when the bottle is used for taking blood(added 500mL, normally).

Answer 12

British standard transfusion bottle:

Question 13

It is used for transferring IV injections from the bottle to the patients. Disposable giving sets consists of a piece of tubing about 1.5m long with a needle at one end for insertion into vein and a means of piercing the bottle closure at the other

Answer 13

Giving Sets

Question 14

These are being increasingly used for infusion and dialysing fluid and for blood as they are unbreakable, light, disposable and occupy less storage space.

Answer 14

Plastic containers

Question 15

They are not a type of single dose large volume injections but are commonly used for injecting, withdrawing or instilling fluids.

Answer 15

Disposable plastic/ glass syringes

Question 16

the alkali is extracted from the surface of the glass containers and a silica rich layer is formed which sometimes gets detached from the surface and can be seen in the contents in the form of
shining flakes.

Answer 16

Flaking

Question 17

common problem with glass containers in which sometimes moisture
condensed on the surface of glass
container, can extract some weakly bonded alkali, leaving behind a white deposit of alkali carbonate.

Answer 17

weathering

Question 18

It is done to estimate the amount of alkali leached from the powdered glass, which happens at elevated temperatures.

Answer 18

Powdered Glass test

Question 19

This test is for type II glass. The principle involved in this is whether the alkali leaches from surface of container.

Answer 19

Water attack test

Question 20

The test is directly related to the stability of pharmaceuticals packed in it.

Answer 20

Hydrolytic resistance test

Question 21

This test is for glass containers intended for aqueous parenterals.
The inner and outer surface of container is washed with fresh distilled
water for 5 min.

Answer 21

Arsenic test

Question 22

Sample container is placed in upright position in tray and the tray is immersed in hot water for a given time

The container is then transferred in cold water bath and temp should be controlled. Cracks are examined before and after test
(45°C temp. difference should be there)

Answer 22

Thermal shock test

Question 23

Instrument used American glass research increment pressure tester.

Answer 23

Internal Bursting Pressure test

Question 24

The transmission of gases,vapour,liquid through plastic material have adverse reaction on shelf life.

Answer 24

Permeation

Question 25

Most of the plastic material have one or ingredients added in small qty leaching occurs.

Answer 25

Leaching

Question 26

The process involve removal of constituent from the product by packaging material.

Answer 26

Sorption

Question 27

This test is applicable to containers which are to be squeezed in order to remove the contents.

Answer 27

Collapsibility test

Question 28

cloudiness of suspension is observed when viewed through the container and compared with a similar container filled with water

Answer 28

tranparency test