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MANU > lab final > Flashcards

lab final Flashcards

1
Q

Oil droplets (dispersed phase) are dispersed in water (dispersion medium)

A

Oil-in-Water (O/W) Emulsion

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2
Q

Appears less greasy and easily washable with water.

Conducts electricity since water is the continuous phase.

A

Oil-in-Water (O/W) Emulsion

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3
Q

Commonly used in oral emulsions (e.g., liquid preparations for oily drugs).

A

Oil-in-Water (O/W) Emulsion

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4
Q

Found in topical formulations such as lotions and creams.

A

Oil-in-Water (O/W) Emulsion

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5
Q

Water droplets (dispersed phase) are dispersed in oil (dispersion medium).

A

Water-in-Oil (W/O) Emulsion

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6
Q

Feels greasy and not easily washable with water.
Poor electrical conductivity due to oil being the continuous phase.

A

Water-in-Oil (W/O) Emulsion

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7
Q

Used in dermatological formulations like creams and ointments for moisturizing.

A

Water-in-Oil (W/O) Emulsion

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8
Q

Suitable for depot injections (e.g., slow-release hormonal drugs).

A

Water-in-Oil (W/O) Emulsion

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9
Q

These have more than two phases, where one type of emulsion is dispersed within another.

A

Multiple Emulsions

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10
Q

Types of Multiple Emulsions

A

Oil-in-Water-in-Oil (O/W/O)
Water-in-Oil-in-Water (W/O/W)

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11
Q

Oil droplets dispersed in water, which is further dispersed in another oil phase.

A

Oil-in-Water-in-Oil (O/W/O)

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12
Q

Water droplets dispersed in oil, which is further dispersed in an external water phase.

A

Water-in-Oil-in-Water (W/O/W)

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13
Q

Provide controlled release of active ingredients.

Can encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs.

A

Multiple Emulsions

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14
Q

Used in advanced pharmaceutical formulations and cosmetic products.

A

Multiple Emulsions

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15
Q

Used to prevent the coalescence and
maintain the integrity of the individual
droplets of dispersed liquid.

A

Emulsifying Agent

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16
Q

Effectiveness of emulsifying agents depend on its:

A

chemical structure
concentration
solubility
pH
physical properties
electrostatic effect

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17
Q

These are capable of forming and stabilizing emulsions by themselves

A

True Emulsifying Agent

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18
Q

Examples of True Emulsifying Agent

A

Acacia, Gum Arabic

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19
Q

They do not form acceptable emulsions when used alone, but do not assist primary agents in stabilizing the product.

A

Stabilizer

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20
Q

Examples of Stabilizers

A

Agar
Gulaman
Chondrus
Dextrin
Malt extract

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21
Q

Natural Emulsifying Agent (Animal Source)

A

Casein
Cholesterol
Egg yolk
Gelatin
Wool fat

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22
Q

Natural Emulsifying Agent (Vegetable Source)

A

Agar
Acacia
Pectin
Chondrus
Tragacanth

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23
Q

Have high pH and therefore sensitive to the addition of acids and electrolytes.

A

ANIONIC SYNTHETIC AGENTS

24
Q

These are hydrophilic and form oil-in-water soaps

A

Alkali soaps

25
Q

These are water insoluble and form water-in-oil soaps

A

Metallic soaps

26
Q

Soap that form oil-in-water

A

Monovalent soaps

27
Q

Soap that form water-in-oil

A

Polyvalent soaps

28
Q

These are used as surfaced-active agents in 1% concentration.

Are incompatible with soaps.

A

CATIONIC SYNTHETIC AGENTS

29
Q

Example of CATIONIC SYNTHETIC AGENTS

A

Benzalkonium Chloride

30
Q

are resistant to the addition of acids and electrolytes

A

NON-IONIC SYNTHETIC AGENTS

31
Q

Example of NON-IONIC SYNTHETIC AGENTS

A

Polyethylene Glycol 400 Monostearate

32
Q

hydrophobic in nature and form water-in-oil

A

Sorbitan Esters - SPANS

33
Q

hydrophilic in nature and form oil-in-water emulsion

may form complexes with phenolic compounds

A

Polysorbates - TWEENS

34
Q

Sterilization setting of autoclave

A

21 degrees C
15 psi
15-20 min

35
Q

MOA of autoclave (moist heat sterilization)

A

Protein Coagulation

36
Q

Biological Indicator of autoclave (moist heat sterilization)

A

Bacillus stearothermophilus

37
Q

Sterilization setting for dry heat (oven)

A

temp: 160-170 degrees C
2-4 hours

38
Q

MOA of dry heat sterilization

A

due to oxidation

39
Q

Biological Indicator for Dry Heat Sterilization (Oven)

A

Bacillus subtilis

40
Q

For heat-labile solution

A

Membrane Filtration

41
Q

Membrane filtration size

42
Q

MOA of Membrane Filtration

A

Physical separation

43
Q

ethylene oxide or b-propiolactone

A

Gas Sterilization

44
Q

MOA of Gas Sterilization

A

Alkylation

45
Q

Biological Indicator of Gas Sterilization

A

Bacillus subtilis

46
Q

gamma or cathode rays

A

Ionizing Radiation

47
Q

MOA of Ionizing Radiation

A

Lethal DNA Mutation

48
Q

Biological Indicator for Ionizing Radiation

A

Bacillus pumilus

49
Q

to ensure pyrogen free

A

Depyrogenation

50
Q

Most common pyrogenic material

51
Q

Test to ensure pyrogen free

52
Q

A room in which the concentration of airborne particles are controlled.

53
Q

Melt the tip to form a bead

A

Tip/Bead Sealing

54
Q

melt below the tip then pull it away

A

Pull Sealing

55
Q

A more liable method; heat it below the tip, pull it, rotate the glass (capillary) to lessen the sharpness

A

Pull Sealing

MANU (13 decks)

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