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MANU > capsules > Flashcards

capsules Flashcards

1
Q

These are the most preferable dosage form when taken orally, as it is conveniently carried, readily identified and easily taken.

A

Capsules and Tablets

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2
Q

Are solid pharmaceutical dosage forms in which the drug or a mixture of drugs is enclosed in a Gelatin Shell or any other suitable material.

A

Capsules

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3
Q

Main types of capsules

A

Soft Gelatin Shell
Hard Gelatin Shell

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4
Q

The shells of a capsule may be composed of two pieces:

A

a body
a cap

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5
Q

Two-piece capsules are commonly referred to as:

A

hard-shell capsules

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6
Q

One-piece capsules are often referred to as:

A

soft-shell capsules

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7
Q

These are used in most commercial medicated capsules.

A

Hard Gelatin

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8
Q

The empty capsule shells are made of
___________. As such, they can be clear, colorless, and essentially tasteless

A

gelatin, sugar, and water

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9
Q

Hard gelatin capsule shells are manufactured in two sections:

A

body and a shorter cap

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10
Q

Made of gelatin to which glycerin or
a polyhydric alcohol such as sorbitol has
been added.

A

Soft Gelatin Capsule

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11
Q

Soft gelatin contain more moisture than hard capsules.

A
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12
Q

Are used to encapsulate and hermetically seal liquids, suspensions, pasty materials, dry powders, and even preformed tablets.

They are pharmaceutically elegant and are easily swallowed.

A

Soft Gelatin Capsules

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13
Q

Capsules are available in many different sizes and shapes and can be used for the administration of powders, semisolids and liquids.

A

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14
Q
  • First step in the process involves an acceptability test for raw materials.

The materials that pass this test are then melted and coloured for easy identification.

A

Step 1: Raw Material Melting and Coloration

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15
Q

In this step, gelatin solution is blended and dissolved in de-mineralised water heated to seventy degrees Celsius.

The solution at this stage is very Viscous and contains 30 to 40% gelatin.

A

Step 2: Blending

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16
Q

The capsule manufacturing machines receive coloured gelatin in the capsule processing chamber.

The caps and bodies of the capsules are made.

A

Step 3: Molding and Trimming

17
Q

This stage includes all vital information, such as prescription recommendations, advertisements, and capsule branding.

A

Step 4: Printing and Packaging

18
Q

After the printing phase is completed, the quality testing phase begins.

The end products must undergo stringent quality inspections to ensure that the capsules are of the best quality and possess a long shelf life.

A

Step 5: Testing, Packaging & Shipping

19
Q

Hard Gelatin Capsule Manufacturing Process

A

1: Raw Material Testing and Coloration
2: Blending
3: Molding and Trimming
4: Printing and Packaging
5: Testing, Packaging, and Shipping

20
Q

A soft-gel shell is formed to contain and protect the fill material.

A

1: Gelatin Preparation

21
Q

Fill materials for soft-gels come in a variety of forms, such as liquids, oils, suspensions, or semi-solids

A

2: Fill Material Preparation

22
Q

Most soft gelatin capsules are produced by a method called the rotary die encapsulation process.

A

3: Encapsulation

23
Q

Following encapsulation, the formed soft-gel capsules fall onto a conveyor.

The conveyor transfers them to the next step – soft-gel drying.

A

4: Drying

24
Q

Following complete drying, the soft gel capsules should be transferred to the inspection station for quality control. This is an important step In the soft gel manufacturing process.

A

5: Inspection and Sorting

25
Q

After sorting out qualified soft-gels, you can use a soft- gel polishing machine to remove any oil residue or debris from the soft-gel surface.

A

6: Cleaning and Polishing

26
Q

Soft Gel Manufacturing Process

A

1: Gelatin Preparation
2: Fill Material Preparation
3: Encapsulation
4: Drying
5: Inspection and Sorting
6: Cleaning and Polishing

27
Q

An automatic capsule filling machine is manufactured and designed to directly fill up capsules with pharmaceutical powders without any operator dependability.

A

Automatic Filling of Powder Formula

28
Q

This machine is a hybrid machine that is a mixture of both the automatic and manual capsule filler machines.

A

Semi-Automatic Capsule Fillers

29
Q

Manual capsule filler is used mostly at an individual level and can be used in industries where the amount that needs to be filled with the exact amount of ingredients.

A

Manual Filling of Powder Formula

30
Q

Methods for Filling the Capsules

A

Automatic Filling of Powder Formula
Semi-Automatic Capsule Fillers
Manual Filling of Powder Formula

31
Q

These are often referred to as “inactive ingredients” because, in drugs, they comprise of everything except the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs).

A

Excipients

32
Q

It improves water penetration for poorly soluble drugs e.g. Sodium lauryl sulfate.

A

Wetting Agent

33
Q

It produces disruption of the powder mass crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate.

A

Disintegrants

34
Q

They act as fillers in pharmaceutical tablets to increase weight and improve content uniformity.

Examples: mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, lactose, pregelatinized starch 1500, corn starch, etc.

A

Diluentw

35
Q

It is used to improve the fluidity of the contents. Commonly used glidants are micro-silica gel and talcum powder.

A

Glidants

36
Q

These are used to prevent the adhesion of powder to metal materials. Common materials include magnesium stearate, glyceryl monostearate, stearic acid, talc, etc.

A

Lubricants

37
Q

Hard Gelatin Equipment

A

Gelatin Melting Tanks
Feed Tanks
Pin Bars
Stripper
Joiner Block
Manual Filler
Semi-Automatic Filler
Automatic Filler

38
Q

Soft Gelatin Equipment

A

Rotary Die Machine

39
Q

Soft Gelatin Equipment

A

Rotary Die Machine

MANU (12 decks)

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