Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology and immunology > Poxviridae, Parvoviridae, Adenoviridae, Papillomaviridae, and Polyomaviridae > Flashcards

Poxviridae, Parvoviridae, Adenoviridae, Papillomaviridae, and Polyomaviridae Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the morphologic features of the family Poxviridae?

A
  • Double-stranded DNA
  • Enveloped
  • Large in size
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where in the cell do Poxviridae members replicate?

A

The cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What disease does the variola virus cause?

A

Smallpox

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which virus causes smallpox?

A

Variola virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When was the last naturally recorded case of smallpox cured?

A

The 1970s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

When was the most recent outbreak of monkeypox infection?

A

2022

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What disease does molluscum contagiosum virus cause?

A

Skin infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What were the factors that lead to the successful eradication of smallpox?

A
  • Variola virus is a DNA virus that is antigenically stable
  • The live attenuated vaccine was effective and gave long-term immunity
  • The disease affected humans only with no animal reservoir
  • All cases were symptomatic, with no subclinical infections or carrier states, meaning the chain of infection could be broken quickly
  • The disease had a high mortality rate and survivors were left with permanent scars, so people were willing to participate in vaccination efforts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the morphologic features of the family Parvoviridae?

A
  • Single-stranded DNA
  • Non-enveloped
  • Very small in size
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where in the cell do Parvoviridae members replicate?

A

The nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which family of viruses constitutes the smallest DNA viruses?

A

Parvoviridae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which family of viruses constitutes the smallest RNA viruses?

A

Picornaviridae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How are parvovirus 19 and the bocaviruses transmitted?

A
  • Respiratory secretions
  • Vertical transmission
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the tropism of parvovirus B19?

A

Erythroid progenitor cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Why does parvovirus B19 not infect mature RBCs?

A

They lack a nucleus, which is where parvovirus B19 replicates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the tropism of bocaviruses?

A

Respiratory cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the clinical diseases caused by bocavirus?

A

Upper and lower respiratory infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the diseases commonly caused by parvovirus B19?

A
  • In children: fever and rash (erythema infection; fifth disease; slapped cheek syndrome)
  • In adults: arthritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What diseases can parvovirus B19 cause in special groups of patients?

A
  • Immunosuppressed patients: pure red cell aplasia (chronic anemia)
  • In patients with underlying chronic anemia: transient aplastic crisis (severe acute anemia)
  • In congenitally infected neonates: hydrops fetalis (potentially fatal anemia)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How are Parvoviridae members diagnosed?

A
  • Clinical presentation
  • PCR
  • Serology: IgM for primary infection, IgG for past infection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Are there vaccines for members of Parvoviridae?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the epidemiology of Parvoviridae?

A
  • Infection is common
  • There is no latency state
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the morphological features of the family Adenoviridae?

A
  • Double-stranded DNA
  • Non-enveloped
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where in the cell do Adenoviridae members replicate?

A

In the nucleus

25
Q

How are Adenoviridae members transmitted?

A
  • Respiratory secretions
  • Fecal–oral route
  • Direct contact
26
Q

What is the tropism of Adenoviridae?

A

Epithelial cells of the:

  • respiratory tract,
  • eyes,
  • GI tract, and
  • urinary tract
27
Q

What are the clinical features of Adenoviridae infections?

A
  • Upper and lower respiratory tract infections: pneumonia and pharyngitis (most common cause of pharyngitis)
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Cystitis (infection of the urinary bladder)
28
Q

How are Adenoviridae members diagnosed?

A
  • Antigen detection
  • PCR
29
Q

How are Adenoviridae infections treated?

A

Supportive therapy

30
Q

How are Parvoviridae infections treated?

A

Supportive therapy

31
Q

Are there vaccines for members of Adenoviridae?

A

Live attenuated vaccine is available for a few serotypes (Ad4, Ad7) that cause pneumonia

32
Q

What is the epidemiology of Adenoviridae?

A

Infection occurs year-round without seasonality

33
Q

To which family do the human papillomaviruses (HPV) belong?

A

Papillomaviridae

34
Q

What are the morphologic features of the family Papillomaviridae?

A
  • Double-stranded DNA
  • Non-enveloped
35
Q

Where in the cell do Papillomaviridae members replicate?

A

The nucleus

36
Q

How are Papillomaviridae infections transmitted?

A
  • Direct contact
  • Sexual transmission
37
Q

What is the course of HPV infections?

A
  • Most infections resolve spontaneously within 2–3 years
  • Many infections are totally asymptomatic
  • Some HPV types are benign, some have a low risk of causing cancer, and some are high-risk for cancer
38
Q

How does HPV cause cancer?

A

The virus has transforming proteins that are related to carcinogenesis

39
Q

What kinds of cancer can HPV cause?

A
  • Cervical
  • Penile
  • Anal
  • Oropharyngeal
  • Vulvar cancer
40
Q

What is the tropism of Papillomaviridae?

A

Epithelial cells of the skin and mucous membranes

41
Q

What are the clinical diseases caused by Papillomaviridae?

A
  • Common warts
  • Condyloma acuminata (genital warts), caused mainly by HPV-6 and -11
  • Laryngeal papilloma
  • Cervical cancer, caused mainly by HPV-16 and -18
  • Other cancers (penile, anal, oropharyngeal, vulvar), caused by HPV-16 and -18
42
Q

Which HPV types are low risk for cancer?

A
  • HPV-6
  • HPV-11
43
Q

Which HPV types are high risk for cancer?

A
  • HPV-16
  • HPV-18
44
Q

How are HPV infections diagnosed?

A
  • Clinical presentation
  • Papanicolaou smear (pap smear), a cytology method that looks for precancerous lesions in the cervix
  • PCR
45
Q

How are HPV infections treated?

A

Mostly do not require treatment

  • Surgical excision
  • Laser therapy
  • Chemical agents (e.g. podophyllotoxin and podophyllin, imiquimod)
46
Q

Is there a vaccine for HPV?

A
  • Cervarix (bivalent for HPV-16 and -18)
  • Gardasil (quadrivalent for HPV-6, -11, -16, and -18)
  • A nonavalent vaccine (6, 11, 16, 18, and five other types)
47
Q

What is the epidemiology of HPV?

A
  • The most common STI
  • The global prevalence is about 10%
48
Q

What are the morpholobic features of Polyomaviridae?

A
  • Double-stranded DNA
  • Non-enveloped
49
Q

Where in the cell do Polyomaviridae members replicate?

A

The nucleus

50
Q

What are the members of Polyomaviridae?

A
  • JC virus
  • BK virus
  • Merkel cell polyomavirus
51
Q

What is the typical outcome of infection with a Polyomaviridae virus?

A

Latency in the body without symptoms

52
Q

How are Polyomaviridae viruses transmitted?

A

Unknown

53
Q

What are the clinical diseases caused by BK virus?

A

Cystitis in bone marrow transplant patients

54
Q

What are the clinical diseases caused by JC virus?

A

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML; neurodegenrative disease of the white matter) in AIDS patients

55
Q

What are the clinical diseases caused by Merkel cell polyomavirus?

A

Merkel cell carcinoma (a rare skin cancer)

56
Q

How are Polyomaviridae infections diagnosed?

A
  • PCR
  • Radiology
  • Histopathology
57
Q

How are Polyomaviridae infections treated?

A

No specific treatment

58
Q

Are there vaccines for members of Polyomaviridae?

A

No

59
Q

What is the epidemiology of Polyomaviridae?

A
  • Widely spread
  • The majority of humans have been infected by BK virus and JC virus

Microbiology and immunology (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions