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Microbiology and immunology > History of microbiology (midterm) > Flashcards

History of microbiology (midterm) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Antony van Leeuwenhoek credited with?

A

First to observe live microorganisms in water, mud, and saliva (father of microbiology) – 1600s.

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2
Q

Who is credited with first observing live microorganisms in water, mud, and saliva?

A

Antony von Leeuwenhoek

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3
Q

To which time period does Antony von Leeuwenhoek belong?

A

1600s

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4
Q

When were live microorganisms first observed in water, mud, and saliva?

A

1600s

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5
Q

What is John Hunter credited with?

A

A leading authority on venereal diseases, although he falsely believed syphilis and gonorrhea to be caused by a single pathogen – 1700s.

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6
Q

Who was considered a leading authority on venereal diseases?

A

John Hunter

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7
Q

To which time period does John Hunter belong?

A

1700s

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8
Q

Which of John Hunter’s beliefs has been falsified?

A

The belief that syphilis and gonorrhea are caused by a single pathogen.

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9
Q

What is Edward Jenner credited with?

A

Pioneering the principle of immunization and creating the world’s first vaccine, the smallpox vaccine – late 1700s–early 1800s.

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10
Q

Who created the first vaccine?

A

Edward Jenner

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11
Q

What disease was the first vaccine created against?

A

Smallpox

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12
Q

To which time period does Edward Jenner belong?

A

Late 1700s–early 1800s

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13
Q

In which time period was the first vaccine created?

A

Late 1700s–early 1800s

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14
Q

What is John Snow credited with?

A

Locating the source of a cholera outbreak in London and identifying it as waterborne (father of modern epidemiology) – 1800s

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15
Q

To which time period does John Snow belong?

A

1800s

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16
Q

Who discovered that cholera is a waterborne disease?

A

John Snow

17
Q

What is Ignaz Semmelweis credited with?

A

Pioneering antiseptic procedures and establishing the importance of handwashing in preventing puerperal sepsis (savior of mothers) – 1800s

18
Q

To which time period does Ignaz Semmelweis belong?

A

1800s

19
Q

Which scientist discovered the importance of antiseptic procedures in preventing puerperal fever?

A

Ignaz Semmelweis

20
Q

What disease was discovered to be preventable with proper handwashing?

A

Puerperal sepsis/fever

21
Q

In which time period was puerperal sepsis discovered to be preventable with proper handwashing?

A

1800s

22
Q

What is Louis Pasteur credited with?

A
  1. Discovering alcohol fermentation in microorganisms
  2. Inventing pasteurization of milk and wine
  3. Creating the first vaccines for rabies and anthrax
    1800s
23
Q

To which time period does Louis Pasteur belong?

A

1800s

24
Q

Who created the first vaccine for rabies?

A

Louis Pasteur

25
Q

Who created the first vaccine for anthrax?

A

Louis Pasteur

26
Q

What is Robert Koch credited with?

A

Developing microbiological media and streak plates; laying Koch’s postulates for the germ theory – 1800s

27
Q

To which time period does Robert Koch belong?

A

1800s

28
Q

What are Koch’s postulates?

A
  1. The microorganism must be present in every case of the disease
  2. The organism must be grown in a pure culture from the diseased host
  3. Inoculation of the microorganism in a susceptible host must produce the disease
  4. The same microorganism must be isolated from the experimentally infected host
29
Q

In which time period were Koch’s postulates laid?

A

1800s

30
Q

Who was the first scientist to provide suitable evidence for the germ theory?

A

Robert Koch

Louis Pasteur speculated on the role of microorganisms in disease, but his views were not commonly believed during his time due to insufficient empirical evidence

31
Q

What is Alexander Fleming credited with?

A

Discovery of the first broadly effective antibiotic, penicillin G – 1928

32
Q

When was penicillin G discovered?

A

1928

33
Q

Who discovered penicillin G?

A

Alexander Fleming

34
Q

Which microorganism was penicillin G isolated from?

A

Penicillium rubens (a mold)

35
Q

What is Kary Mullis credited with?

A

The invention of PCR – 1986

36
Q

Who invented PCR?

A

Kary Mullis

37
Q

When was PCR invented?

A

1986

38
Q

What is Harald zur Hausen credited with?

A

Discovering the role of papilloma viruses in cervical cancer

39
Q

Who established the role of papilloma viruses in cervical cancer?

A

Harald zur Hausen

Microbiology and immunology (33 decks)

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