History of microbiology (midterm) Flashcards
What is Antony van Leeuwenhoek credited with?
First to observe live microorganisms in water, mud, and saliva (father of microbiology) – 1600s.
Who is credited with first observing live microorganisms in water, mud, and saliva?
Antony von Leeuwenhoek
To which time period does Antony von Leeuwenhoek belong?
1600s
When were live microorganisms first observed in water, mud, and saliva?
1600s
What is John Hunter credited with?
A leading authority on venereal diseases, although he falsely believed syphilis and gonorrhea to be caused by a single pathogen – 1700s.
Who was considered a leading authority on venereal diseases?
John Hunter
To which time period does John Hunter belong?
1700s
Which of John Hunter’s beliefs has been falsified?
The belief that syphilis and gonorrhea are caused by a single pathogen.
What is Edward Jenner credited with?
Pioneering the principle of immunization and creating the world’s first vaccine, the smallpox vaccine – late 1700s–early 1800s.
Who created the first vaccine?
Edward Jenner
What disease was the first vaccine created against?
Smallpox
To which time period does Edward Jenner belong?
Late 1700s–early 1800s
In which time period was the first vaccine created?
Late 1700s–early 1800s
What is John Snow credited with?
Locating the source of a cholera outbreak in London and identifying it as waterborne (father of modern epidemiology) – 1800s
To which time period does John Snow belong?
1800s
Who discovered that cholera is a waterborne disease?
John Snow
What is Ignaz Semmelweis credited with?
Pioneering antiseptic procedures and establishing the importance of handwashing in preventing puerperal sepsis (savior of mothers) – 1800s
To which time period does Ignaz Semmelweis belong?
1800s
Which scientist discovered the importance of antiseptic procedures in preventing puerperal fever?
Ignaz Semmelweis
What disease was discovered to be preventable with proper handwashing?
Puerperal sepsis/fever
In which time period was puerperal sepsis discovered to be preventable with proper handwashing?
1800s
What is Louis Pasteur credited with?
- Discovering alcohol fermentation in microorganisms
- Inventing pasteurization of milk and wine
- Creating the first vaccines for rabies and anthrax
1800s
To which time period does Louis Pasteur belong?
1800s
Who created the first vaccine for rabies?
Louis Pasteur
Who created the first vaccine for anthrax?
Louis Pasteur
What is Robert Koch credited with?
Developing microbiological media and streak plates; laying Koch’s postulates for the germ theory – 1800s
To which time period does Robert Koch belong?
1800s
What are Koch’s postulates?
- The microorganism must be present in every case of the disease
- The organism must be grown in a pure culture from the diseased host
- Inoculation of the microorganism in a susceptible host must produce the disease
- The same microorganism must be isolated from the experimentally infected host
In which time period were Koch’s postulates laid?
1800s
Who was the first scientist to provide suitable evidence for the germ theory?
Robert Koch
Louis Pasteur speculated on the role of microorganisms in disease, but his views were not commonly believed during his time due to insufficient empirical evidence
What is Alexander Fleming credited with?
Discovery of the first broadly effective antibiotic, penicillin G – 1928
When was penicillin G discovered?
1928
Who discovered penicillin G?
Alexander Fleming
Which microorganism was penicillin G isolated from?
Penicillium rubens (a mold)
What is Kary Mullis credited with?
The invention of PCR – 1986
Who invented PCR?
Kary Mullis
When was PCR invented?
1986
What is Harald zur Hausen credited with?
Discovering the role of papilloma viruses in cervical cancer
Who established the role of papilloma viruses in cervical cancer?
Harald zur Hausen
