Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology and immunology > Cytokines (midterm) > Flashcards

Cytokines (midterm) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the type I interferons?

A
  • IFN-α
  • IFN-β
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the type II interferons?

A
  • IFN-γ
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What cells secrete type I interferons?

A
  • Plasmacytoid dendritic cells in response to viruses
  • Conventional dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells, endothelial cells as a consequence of TLR3/TLR4 activation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the function of type I interferons?

A
  • Sequestration of lymphocytes in secondary lymphoid organs
    The antiviral state:
  • Increased cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells/NK cells
  • Upregulation of MHC-I proteins
  • Decreased RNA translation
  • Increased activity of RNAases
  • Increased activity of GTPases
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which cytokines are responsible for the antiviral state?

A

Type I interferons (IFN-α, IFN-β)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What cells secrete type II interferons?

A
  • NK cells
  • CD4+ TH1 cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the function of type II interferons?

A
  • Classical (M1) activation of macrophages to kill intracellular pathogens
  • Class-switching of B cells to IgG
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which cytokines are responsible for classical (M1) activation of intracellular pathogens?

A

Type II interferons (IFN-γ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which cytokines are responsible for class-switching to IgG?

A

Type II interferons (IFN-γ)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which cells secrete tumor necrosis factor (TNF)?

A
  • NK cells
  • Macrophages
  • Dendritic cells
  • Not epithelia or neutrophils
    (All via the action of TLRs, NLRs, or RLRs)

The fact that TNF is not produced by epithelia or neutrophils is the main difference between TNF and IL-1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the functions of TNF?

A
  • Increasing NK cell cytotoxicity
    Local inflammatory effects:
  • Increasing expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells
  • Stimulation phagocytes to release cytokines and chemokines for inflammation and leukocyte chemotaxis
    Systemic protective effects:
  • Fever
  • Stimulating leukocyte production in the bone marrow
    Systemic pathologic effects:
  • Decreased cardiac output
  • Formation of thrombi in blood vessels
  • Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which cytokines are responsible for induction of fever?

A
  • TNF
  • IL-1
  • IL-6
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which cytokine increases the cytotoxicity of NK cells?

A

TNF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which cytokines are responsible for increased production of acute phase proteins?

A
  • IL-1
  • IL-6
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which cytokines increase expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells?

A
  • TNF
  • IL-1
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

To which family of cytokines does BAFF (BLyS) belong?

A

Tumor necrosis factors

(Not sure if this is required)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of BAFF (BLyS)?

A

Preventing activated B cell death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the function of Bcl-2?

(Not a cytokine)

A

An anti-apoptotic protein in B cells
Damage to the BCL2 gene is implicated in chronic B lymphocytic leukemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which cells secrete IL-17?

A

CD4+ TH17 cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the function of IL-17?

A

Leads to recruitment of macrophages and neutrophils (via release of other cytokines)

21
Q

What cells secrete IL-12?

A
  • Macrophages
  • Dendritic cells
22
Q

What is the function of IL-12?

A

Activation of NK cells

23
Q

What is the receptor through which NK cells are activated?

A

FcγRIIIA

24
Q

What is the receptor through which basophils, eosinophils, and mast cells are activated?

A

FcεRI

25
Q

What cells secrete IL-15?

A
  • Macrophages
  • Dendritic cells
26
Q

What is the function of IL-15?

A

Activation of NK cells

27
Q

What cells secrete IL-4?

A

CD4+ TH2 cells

28
Q

What is the function of IL-4?

A
  • M2 activation of macrophages
  • Class-switching to IgE
29
Q

What cells secrete IL-13?

A

CD4+ TH2 cells

30
Q

What is the function of IL-13?

A

M2 activation of macrophages

31
Q

What cells secrete IL-13?

A

CD4+ TH2 cells

32
Q

What is the function of IL-13?

A

M2 activation of macrophages

33
Q

What cells secrete IL-18?

A
  • Macrophages
  • Dendritic cells
  • Neutrophils
  • Some epithelial cells
    (Via action of the NLRP class of NLRs)
34
Q

What is the function of IL-18?

A

Pro-inflammatory mediator

35
Q

What cells secrete IL-1?

A
  • Macrophages
  • Dendritic cells
  • Neutrophils
  • Epithelial cells
    (Via the combined action of NLRs and TLRs)
36
Q

What are the functions of IL-1?

A

Local inflammatory effects:
* Increasing expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells
* Stimulation phagocytes to release cytokines and chemokines for inflammation and leukocyte chemotaxis
Systemic protective effects:
* Fever
* Production of acute phase proteins
* Stimulating leukocyte production in the bone marrow
Systemic pathologic effects:
* Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle

37
Q

What cells produce IL-6?

A
  • Macrophages
  • Dendritic cells
  • Neutrophils
  • Epithelial cells
38
Q

What is the function of IL-6?

A
  • Promotes formation of TH17 cells
    Systemic protective effects:
  • Fever
  • Production of acute phase proteins
  • Stimulating leukocyte production in the bone marrow
39
Q

What is the function of IL-8?

A

CXCL8—promotes chemotaxis and phagocytosis

40
Q

What cells secrete IL-8?

A
  • Macrophages
  • Epithelial cells
  • Endothelial cells
  • Airway smooth muscle cells
41
Q

What is the ligand of CXCR5?

A

CXCL13

42
Q

What cells secrete CXCL13?

A

Follicular dendritic cells

43
Q

What is the receptor for CXCL13?

A

CXCR5

44
Q

What is the ligand for CCR19/CCR21?

A

CCL7

45
Q

What is the receptor for CCL7?

A

CCR19/CCR21

46
Q

Where does the gradient of CXCL13 lead?

A

Secondary follicles (B cell zones)

47
Q

Where does the gradient of CCL7 lead?

A

Marginal zone of T cell zone

48
Q

What is the function of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β)

A

Class-switching to IgA

Microbiology and immunology (33 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions