power and boarders

Question 1

state

Answer 1

An area of land of an independent country with well defined boundaries
Within which there is a body of people under a single government
Key features of a state
-defined territory
-sovereignty
-government recognised by other states
-independence: self governing
-capacity to engage in formal relations with other states

Question 2

State power definition

Answer 2

It is the government’s ability to control and manage its country, including making and enforcing laws, collecting taxes, and defending its territory. It depends on many different factors including social, political and physical factors. Fragile state index is a measure of state power.

The fragile state index includes refugees per capita and political prisoners.

Question 3

Nation definition

Answer 3

A large group of people with strong bonds of identity
does not have to be confined to one country; it can be across borders.

Nations do not have any sovereignty.

Sates can have many nation groups

Question 4

Sovereignty definition

Answer 4

The absolute authority which independent states exercise in the of governing the land, people and the territory

Can be internal which is states exclusive authority

Can be external need for mutual recognition

Question 5

Nations state definition

Answer 5

A nation that has an independent state of its own, currently nearly all states refer to themselves as nation states

Question 6

Territorial integrity

Answer 6

States exercise sovereignty within specific territory established by international law

Question 7

Norms Definition

Answer 7

Norms have been derived from moral principles and behaviours which have developed over time throughout the world
Part of international law
Based on UN charter

Question 8

Intervention

Answer 8

This when one a state or group gets involved to resolve conflicts or humanitarian crisis such as a serious violation of human rights
Examples: economic sanctions, military action and humanitarian assistance
Intervention can be controversial as in some ways it undermines sovereignty

Question 9

Geopolitics

Answer 9

Relates to the global balance of political power
Power is uneven between countries, TNCs are becoming increasingly influential
Multinational organisations also have a lot of power

Question 10

Global governance

Answer 10

Global governance is the way global affairs are managed, it is the application of collaborative efforts among international actors. They work to manage global issues such as peace, security, human rights and the environment through collective decision making and application of laws, regulations and ethical standards.

Question 11

What is the UN charter?

Answer 11

Simply its a set of rules, goals and outline the structure of the United Nations outlines responsibilities of the UN.

Question 12

What is the Westphalian model?

Answer 12

A model that emphasises sovereignty and control over a state’s own borders and equality

Question 13

Current political boundaries

Answer 13

The current political boundaries are based on the westphalian model and reinforced by the UN charter however control of borders can be contested.
Examples include:
russia invasion of Ukraine
Contested islands in the south and east china seas

Question 14

Transnational corporations
impact on territorial integrity

Answer 14

-TNCs operate in more than one country
As they are growing in number they have increasing influence in global economy and globalisation

However they present challenge to states sovereignty many in LIDCs because they can violate human human rights but because the government relies on them for income and jobs so much the have more control

Question 15

Supranational Institutions such as large regional trading blocs

Answer 15

Examples of EU and UN
-have a level governance over many states

Question 16

Eu in more detail on a regional level

Answer 16

Political union with a parliament and a monetary called eurozone

27 sovereign member states

Countries have to implement laws even if they don’t agree with them
Additional financial restriction for those in euro zone
Other limitations like fishing quotas and the common fishing policy and common agricultural policy

Contentious migration laws like the schengen agreement abolished many internal borders

Founded in 1957 but has kept on growing

The EU aims
Increase economic cooperation so trade enhances economic interdependence

Have a role as security- they provide forces for member states when they need rapid response they do this through the OSCE

Regulate conflict through policies- for example the Foreign affairs and security policy and the common security and defence policy

Question 17

The UN in more detail working on an international scale

Answer 17

-193 sovereign states
Sovereignty and integrity are upheld in the UN charter

States have direct responsibility for its boundaries however the UN with the backing of the security council can intervene.

-Founded in 1945
-The UN Aims :
Achieve world peace and security
Develop good relations between nations
Foster cooperation among nations

The un charter gives the security council the responsibility to maintain international peace and security
Preventive diplomacy (preventing conflicts), mediation and monitoring is why the UN works

-Ways the security council does this
Treaty making
Peacekeeping
Delivering humanitarian aid
upholding international law

Question 18

how do Political dominance of ethnic groups challenge sovereignty

Answer 18

Ethnic groups challenge sovereignty when they have strong identities and demand interdependence and when they have conflicts inside a state

Question 19

Global peace index

Answer 19

Is a complex index including safety and degree of militarisation

It represents conflict situations

A high score means less peaceful and a low score means more peaceful

Question 20

Amnesty International- an example of an NGO

Answer 20

Founded in 1961
Examples of campaigns include: safety of migrant and asylum seekers and working to get rid of the death penalty

Amnesty International aim to
Research and work on ending abuses of human rights

Encourage governments to accept and enforce human rights and international standards
Encourage all organisations to respect human rights

Question 21

What is a treaty?

Answer 21

It is a written international agreement between two or more states or organisations by signing a treaty that becomes international law for the state to follow it.

Question 22

What are global commons?

Answer 22

The earth’s shared natural resources eg. ocean atmosphere, international law describes states responsibilities over global commons

Question 23

role UN flows resources and people

Answer 23

The role of the UN requires the flow of lots of resources, people, ideas and money
Effective intervention also relies on the constructive sharing of ideas for strategic planning so global meetings are required
Technology is very important as it is used for surveillance and planning eg. drones, international databases

Question 24

challenges to a sovereign state that leads to loss of territorial integrity

Answer 24

-disputed boundaries (including maritime boundaries) where rights over natural resources and exploration are contested, such as India / Pakistan disputes over water supply in Kashmir
-contested territory ; where sovereignty of land and people in a particular state is challenged by another state such as Russian annexation of Crimea, Ukraine
-separatism ; where there are claims for secession by national groups such as Basque or Catalan claims for self- determination

Question 25

challenges to a sovereign state that leads to loss of sovereignty

Answer 25

-TNCS
-intervention by supranational institution
-ethnic group political dominance