Birmingham

Question 1

background

Answer 1

-the second largest city in the UK
-1.1 million residents
-Grew rapidly in the mediaeval time due to the industrial revolution
-Main growth was in the nineteenth century - brass jewellery gun and vehicle industries dominating
Eg. dunlop tyre factory

Question 2

Socio-economic
before the change

Answer 2

-Post war industrial decline due to increase in oil prices
-Increasing overseas competitions and TNCs which caused decline in traditional industries
-British car industry industry began to decline- foreign based car companies came to UK and set up factories in other areas and the government provided incentives and encouraged this eg. nissan in sunderland started importing 1964
-People relocated from inner city to outer city because 110,000 where developed on the periphery

Question 3

Demographic and cultural before the change

Answer 3

-youthful
-migration in 1960s large south asian population, east asia and caribbean more ethnic shops open

Question 4

environmental pollution

Answer 4

Decades of industrial activity left canals and rivers with very high level of pollution

Question 5

Players involved in structural and economic change

Answer 5

-Local government- promoted city to attract inward investment, invested into the national exhibition centre (NEC) and expanded birmingham international airport
-National government - schemes such as city challenge allowed for funding for development and 1999 New deal for communities set up broadband access and work experience programmes to improve employment opportunities
-City council- european international affairs team got 235 million pounds for EU social investment fund 2014 to 2020 to improve social housing
Transport (network rail)- 700 million investment into rail way station at new street
-Private developers - the players created grand central with shops, restaurants and general leisure which created 1000 jobs

Question 6

strategies

Answer 6

-Flagship developments: International convention centre, symphony haul, national indoor arena - creates multiplier effect restaurants hotel taxi
-Planning- more public spaces e.g victoria square
-Improving services: bullring, birmingham city library built in 2013
-Environment: pedestrianised streets, trees, canal cleaned surroundings area regenerated

Question 7

Big city plan 2010

Answer 7

-Birmingham’s plan to redevelop/rebrand into a larger service based economy
-50,000 jobs
-5000 new homes
-Improve transport links
-Grand central station opened in 2016
-Mailbox renovated in 2016
-City park 2012 - increased greenspaces
-High speed rail

Question 8

over all outcomes

Answer 8

-The city contributes approximately £31 billion to the UK economy annually.
-the number of businesses operating in Birmingham increased by 13.5% between 2015 and 2020.
-Improvements in housing, healthcare, and social services have contributed to an increase in life expectancy in Birmingham. For example, between 2010 and 2020, life expectancy for men increased by 1.2 years and for women by 0.8 years.
-Birmingham attracts approximately 41.8 million visitors annually