CD Flashcards
characteristics that contribute to place identity
-physical geography- altitude aspect drainage
-demography - age, gender ethnicity
-socio-economic factors- employment types and education
-cultural factors- religion and traditions
-political factors- governance at local regional and national level
-built environment - age style of buildings and materials
-History- landmarks historical buildings
how do we understand a place (three key concepts)
-people experience and understand place in different ways and this also changes overtime
-it is a location on a map and also the physical and human characteristics
- three key concepts of a place is the physical location (objective) this is coordinates on a map, the locale (objective) place shaped by people cultures and customs within it and the sense of place (subjective) developed through experiences people have and individual emotional attachment to an area
space
exists between places and do not have the same meanings as places
what influence an individuals perception of place
-Gender: places can be described as male and female and this is normally based on societies view of female and male roles
-Religion: spiritual meanings to areas (religious buildings)
-Age:change as people move through the life cycle also change when you revise a place
-Sexuality: changed meaning because they can be places where people of specific sexualities or religions live
-Purpose (role) : Individuals preform a variety of roles at different times meaning the role influences our perception of place
how does emotional attachment to a place influence peoples behaviour and activities in place
-memory of a place is very personal can be short term and long term or positive or negative
-personal experience heavily influences how we feel about a place
-examples of memories and experiences forming: childhood, sporting achievements, milestones. Various factors influence how an individual acts towards a place
define globalisation
Globalisation in the increasing interconnected interdependence of the world economically, socially, politically and culturally. Going integration of peoples lives
how globalisation and time space compression has influenced our sense of place
-idea that the world has become smaller because everything is more interconnected
-communications and flow of goods are quicker and more reliable
-people travelling more
Positive response: spread of technology ideas and culture
Negative: issue of placelessness everywhere is becoming the same traditions culture is being lost TNCs replacing everything
what are the two representations of place
-formal: census data, statistics maps, geo spatial data
-informal: tv, books, graffiti, music, film, photography
what is social inequality
-the distribution of wealth, opportunities, resources is not evenly spread between places
-unequal rewards exists between people of different social status
deprivation
when social inequality leads to substantial differences in groups of people
cycle of poverty
stage one: poverty- low wages and employment
stage two: poor living conditions
stage three: Ill health- from living conditions and poor diet
stage four: poor education- harder to succeed with ill health
stage five: poor skills leading to stage one unemployment
Index of Multiple Deprivation
its an index used by UK governments to asses to spatially asses levels of deprivations its a relative measure to show how deprived an area is compared to another.
- Income: PPP- purchasing power parity. ABSOLUTE POVERTY IS 1.90$ a day PPP. this allows international comparisons to made
2.Employment: this directly impacts levels of income standard of living and quality of life. Wages vary spatially and informal employment is also an indicator of deprivation in LIDC and EDC country
3.Education: literacy level is the most common indicator of levels of education. Formal education is schooling and informal education is skill acquisition - Healthcare: doctor to patient ratio is a good indicator of healthcare inequalities
- crime rate
- barriers to housing and services
- living environment: squatter settlements are when people have no legal right to the land they occupy. If a person owns there house its a good indicator of deprivation
scales of social inequality
-global
-local
-urban
-rural
factors that combine to cause spatial inequality
-wealth: ability to purchase goods, if you dispoable income less likely due to cost of living crisis
-housing:settlements are formed when demand exceeds supply, less income less choice of housing meaning worse conditions
-health- varies spatially can be a problem for certain groups old people rural areas lots of factors contribute to ill health
-education: worse in rural areas maintains social inequality its longterm
-accsess to services: effects both social inequality and standard of living
TNCs driving structural economic change in places
-TNCs due to globalisation have caused a global shift in manufacturing areas from AC countries to NICs (newly industrialising countries) such as east Asia and central and South America
-ACs have turned into post industrial societies and have experienced deindustrialistaion
-this can trigger a cycle of decay this happened to many uk cities in the 1970s
cycle of decay (downward multiplier effect)
1.declining job oppourtunities
2.rising unemployment less tax payed
3.decline in services
4.physical environment detirotes
5.economically active people move aways
6.declining tax base
7.increasing decay
8.loss of investment and confidence
1.declining job opportunities
