Poultry A26-35 Flashcards
what do birds eat
seeds
how to increase feed intake in birds
make feed look like seeds
what are ducks beaks good for
filtering water but not picking up solid feed
how to geese feed
grazing
saliva in poultry
v small amounts
function of gizzard
grinds feed into smaller pieces
what type of food grind food
grits
transit time of birds
small intestine is small so short trasnit time
low time for absorb[ption
why can antinutritives be digested
amylase cant break bonds
viscosity of small intestine
high in narrow lumen so antinutritives bind to water soluble nutrients
vitelline diverticulum
former yolk sac
vitelline diverticulum
former yolk sac
caecum of birds
v small
only 10% of feed ends up there
feed energy to protein ratio
60-70% energy
30-40% protein
essential FA in birds
linoleic acid
deficiecny leads to decreased growth and skin problems
function of mash
decrease feed intake
ideal feed for young birds
crumbles
cereals for birds
corn
wheat
barley
orat
legumes for birds
field peas
horse bean
lupin
soybean
extracted meals for birds
soybean meal
extracted sunflower meal
extracted rapeseed
function of dilution of energy density
to avoid fast growth
bw at hatching of broilers
40g
bw at broiler slaughter
2.7kg
how long does fattening take
5-6weeks
fattening methods of broilers
- semi intensive method
- intensive fattening
semi intenstive method
fattening in 2 phases
intensive fore rearing - 0-18days
extensive post rearing from day 19 to slaughter
intensive fattening
1 phase
protein building requires less energy
fat building requires x2 energy required for protein building
where is fat stored in broilers
in stomach
v. wasteful
feeding of broilers first 2-3 weeks
muscle buidling at first hten fat building
starter of broilers duration
day 0-10
starter of broilers energy
ME= 12.6mj/day
starter of broilers cp
23%
grower of broilers duration
day 11-24
grower of broilers energy
13MJ/day
grower of broilers cp
21.5%
finisher of broilers duration
25 days until slaughter
finisher of broilers energy
13.4mj/day
finisher of broilers cp
19.5%
why does cp reduce with age
protein inbuild decreases with ages
feed of efficiency of broilers
1.6kg/kg
protein sources for broilers
cereals
legumes
supplements
physical forms of newly hatched broilers
homogenous diet = crumble
why is pellet good
for enhancing feed intake
supplements for broilers
lysine
methionine + cysteine
linoleic acid and calcium
rda of water in broilers
2-2.5L/kg
what is a pullett
from hatching to egg production
starter for layers duration
0-8weeks
starter for layers CP
17%
grower for layers duration
8-17 weeks
grower for layers CP
15%
ME of layers
11.7MJ/kg
why is cp reduced
to delay sexual maturity and increase egg production
feed of 0-3 week layers
ad lib mash
feed of 4-8 week layers
if low bw then give pelletts
if high bw give unchanged daily feed
feed of 9 weeks
650-700g
starter for layers duration
0-7 weeks
grower for layers duration
7-17 weeks
prelayerfor layers duration
17-21 weeks
layer 1 duration
21-63 weeks
layer 2 duration
63-77weeks
egg size of layers
60g
no of eggs per year in layers
320-350g
level of egg production at 18 weeks
5%
level of egg production at 20 weeks
10%
level of egg production at 21-23 weeks
20-50%
level of egg production at 24-26 weeks
95%
level of egg production at 65-76 weeks
75%
prelayer feed ME
12mj/kg
prelayer feed CP
16%
prelayer feed Ca
18g/kg
layer 1 feed ME
12mj/kg
layer 1 feed CP
18%
layer 1 feed Ca
36.5g/kg
layer 2 feed ME
11.5mj/kg
layer 2 feed CP
16%
layer 2 feed Ca
37.5g/kg
why increase Ca
due to increasing size of eff
diet of layers
ad lib
mash is retricted
grits used for grinding
feed efficiency of layers
2kg/kg egg
light program for pulllets
reduce or keep the same
never increase
hens light program
increase of keep the same
never reduce
bw at hatching of turkeys
60g
turkey hens bw at slaughter
10.5kg
toms bw at slaughter
21.5gk
starter 1 for turkeys duration
0-4weeks
starter 1 for turkeys ME
12.2mj/kg
starter 1 for turkeys cp
28%
starter 2 for turkeys duration
5-8 weeks
starter 2 for turkeys ME
12.8 mj/day
starter 2 for turkeys cp
26%
grower 1 for turkeys duration in toms
9-12 weeks
grower 1 for turkeys duration in hens
9-11 weeks
grower 1 for turkeys ME
13.4mj/day
grower 1 for turkeys cp
22%
grower 2 for turkeys duration in toms
13-16weeks
grower 2 for turkeys duration for hens
12-15 weeks
grower 2 for turkeys me
13.6mj/day
grower 2 for turkeys cp
20%
fattener for turkeys duration
toms only
17-20weeks
fattener for turkeys me
14mj/kg
fattener for turkeys cp
17%
aim of feeding turkeys
good quality breast and ham
proportionate breast - 35%
supplements of turkeys
lysine
vit d
biotin
function of lysine in turkeys
meat production
what does biotin prevent
leg problems
how long do flock replacement turkeys grow for
29weeks
starter in breeding turkeys duration
week 0-4
starter in breeding turkeys cp
26%
starter in breeding turkeys Ca
15g/kg
starter in breeding turkeys Ca
15g/kg
starter in breeding turkeys P
7.5g/kg
grower 1 in breeding turkeys duration
week 5-8
grower 1 in breeding turkeys cp
23%
grower 1 in breeding turkeys Ca
14g/kg
grower 1 in breeding turkeys P
7g/kg
grower 2 in breeding turkeys duration
9-12 weeks
grower 2 in breeding turkeys cp
20.5%
grower 2 in breeding turkeys Ca
13g/kg
grower 2 in breeding turkeys P
6.5g/kg
grower 3 in breeding turkeys duration
week 13-16
grower 3 in breeding turkeys cp
17%
grower 3 in breeding turkeys Ca
10g/lg
grower 3 in breeding turkeys P
5.5g/lg
ME of starters and growers
11.5mj/day
rearer in breeding turkeys duration
week 17-29
rearer in breeding turkeys cp
13.5%
rearer in breeding turkeys ME
13mj/day
rearer in breeding turkeys Ca
9g/kg
rearer in breeding turkeys P
5g/kg
what do you do in bw of breeding turkeys is too thin
delay the next phase
why decrease protein in breeding turkeys
to delay onset of egg production
physical form of diet for breeding turkeys
crumbles and pellets
light program of breeding turkeys
24hrs at 70luc then reduce to 6hrs 50luxs
when is a laying turkey slughtered
week 50-54
when is egg production of a laying turkey
from week 30-54
when is peak egg production of laying turkey
weeks34-40
when to give pelleted feed in laying turkey
week 30-39
when to give mash in laying turkey
week 40-54
egg weight of laying turkey
80-90g
egg production of laying turkey
100-120
layer 1 feed of laying turkey duration
30-39 weeks
layer 2 feed of laying turkey duration
40-54 weeks
layer 1 feed of laying turkey CP
16.5%
layer 2 feed of laying turkey cp
15%
layer 2 feed of laying turkey me
12mj/kg
layer 1 feed of laying turkey me
11.8mj/day
layer 2 feed of laying turkey ca
28g/kg
layer 1 feed of laying turkey ca
25g/kg
layer 2 feed of laying turkey P
4g/kg
layer 1 feed of laying turkey P
3.5g/kg
layer 2 feed of laying turkey light
17hrs
layer 1 feed of laying turkey light
14hrs
bw of ducks at hatching
50-55g
bw of ducks at slaughter
3-3.2kg
when does fattening start in ducks
6-7weeks
starter feed of ducks duration
0-14days
grower feed of ducks duration
15-42days
finisher feed of ducks duration
43-49days
starter feed of ducks me
12mj/kg
grower feed of ducks me
12.5mj/kg
finisher feed of ducks me
12.9mj/day
starter feed of ducks cp
21%
grower feed of ducks cp
18%
finisher feed of ducks cp
16%
by what day is growth capacity mostly lost in ducks
49
feed efficiency of ducks
2.7kg/kg
physical form of duck feed
pelletts best
mash and water are ideal but cause microbial degradation
supplements of ducks
decrease ca and p with age
low lysine due to less protein binding
water of ducks
3-5L/kg dm
Fattening technology
duration of intensive fore rearing
0-18 days
fattening technology
duration of extensive post rearing
19days - slaugther
breeding ducks feeding day 0-18
fore rearing
breeding ducks feeding day 18-25
post rearing
when is selection of breeding ducks
7 weeks
3-3.2kg
when is housing of breeding ducks
25 weeks
4kg
when do breeding ducks reach sexual maturity
28weeks
starter diet of breeding ducks duration
0-14days
grower diet of breeding ducks duration
15-42days
finisher diet of breeding ducks duration
43-49days
starter diet of breeding ducks ME
12mj/kg
grower diet of breeding ducks ME
12.5mj/kg
finisher diet of breeding ducks ME
12.9mj/kg
starter diet of breeding ducks cp
21%
grower diet of breeding ducks cp
18%
finisher diet of breeding ducks CP
16%
when is rearing diet given in breeeding ducks
weeks 8-25
reduced nutrient density
pellets
quantity of feed in rearing diet of breeding ducks
150-180g/day
bw gain of breeding duck during rearing diet
600-800g
rearing diet inf breeding ducks me
11mj/kg
rearing diet inf breeding ducks cp
14.5%
rearing diet inf breeding ducks Ca
8
rearing diet inf breeding ducks P
4
What to give at week 26
ad lib
when do ducks start laying eggs
week 28 for 7 months
egg weight of laying ducks
75-80g
no of egg production in laying ducks
130-150
what happens to laying ducks at end of laying period
go to slaughter
or begin 2nd layer period (10% drop in production)
layer feeding of laying ducks duration
from week 26
layer feeding of laying ducks cp
17%
layer feeding of laying ducks me
12mj/day
layer feeding of laying ducks Ca
29g/day
layer feeding of laying ducks P
4g/kg
bw of geese at hatching
85-90g
bw of geese at slaughter
4kg
age of geese at slaughter
8 weeks
3 diets for geese for eating
starter
grower
finihser
duration of starter diet for geese for eating
0-21days
duration of grower diet for geese for eating
22-35 days
duration of finisher diet for geese for eating
35-56 days
ME of starter diet for geese for eating
12 mj/kg
ME of grower diet for geese for eating
12.5 mj/kg
ME of finisher diet for geese for eating
12.5mj/day
CP of starter diet for geese for eating
21%
CP of grower diet for geese for eating
18%
CP of finisher diet for geese for eating
16%
why are geese diets diluted
they eat more than ducks but arent as fat
how much feed is diluted
2.3-2.5kg/kg feed
physical form of feed for geese
pellets
cf tolerance of geese
10-12%
can geese graze
graze green forage
which organ is NB for green forage breakdown
gizzard v efficient
water of goose
3-4L/kg dm
supplements for geese we eat
Ca
P
fattening technology of geese we eat
seasonal rearing or
rearing in one phase
what is seasonal rearing in geese
from spring to autumn
1-3weeks old = intensive fore rearing
4-8 weeks old = extensive post rearing
what is rearing in one phase in gesse
during winter on deep litter
whats special about geese and eggs
they have the lowest repro performance
laying period duration if goose housed inside
> 6months
laying period duration if goose housed outside
4months
when is fore rearing in a breeding goose
week 0-4
when is post rearing in a breeding goose
week 5
when is housing in breeding goose
week 32-43
how many g of feathers from first plucking
80-140g
how many g of feathers for 2nd plucking
140-150g
how many feathers for 3rd plucking
140-150g
methods of rearing a breeding goose
semi-intensive
intensive
mixed
what is semi intensive rearing in breeding geese
intensive fore rearing followed by semi - intensive post rearing on pasture
cheapest
what is intensive rearing in breeding geese
raised in closed building
not plucked birds
hat is mixed rearing in breeding geese
intensive unitl 8 weeks then semi intensive on pasture
why are geese slaughtered at 8 weeks
to prevent shedding
difference between feeding of breeding geese and geese we eat
breeding = less conc and more forages
what do geese for breeding eating in
week 1
starter diet
what do geese for breeding eating in
week 2-3
starter diet + green forages or pastures
what do geese for breeding eating in
week 4-5
grower diet + green forages or pasture
what do geese for breeding eating in
week 6-8
finisher diet + green forages or pasture
what do geese for breeding eating in
week 9-31
developer diet or grains + green forages or pasture
what do geese for breeding eating in
week 32-38
prelayer diet ad lib
what do geese for breeding eating in
week 39-42
layer diet ad lib
ME of developer diet in breeding geese
11mj/kg
ME of layer diet in breeding geese
11.5mj/day
CP of developer diet in breeding geese
14%
Ca of developer diet in breeding geese
8g/kg
P of developer diet in breeding geese
3.5g/kg
CP of layer diet in breeding geese
16%
Ca of layer diet in breeding geese
29
P of layer diet in breeding geese
4
when does egg production begin in geese
from week 42
how long is the egg laying period in geese
4months
weight of egg in goose
160g
diet for layer
260g/bird/day + grits + wheat straw
where are fats stored in geese and ducks
subcut and liver
where do we want teh fat in geese and ducks
in liver
how are carbs stored in geese and ducks
in liver as triglycerides
how do triglycerides leave the liver
by VLDL
which is more
triglyceride porduction or VLDL transport
triglyceride production
therefore they are deposited in liver = fatty liver
prerequisites of force feeding geese and ducks
genotype
sex
corn
low level of meth, choline
flexible mebranes of liver cells
low level of lipid loss when roating
liver size prior to force feeding
age of brid
why is corn so good for force feeding
high in energy but low in methionine and choline
why do we want low methionine and choline
they are responsible for fat transport
breeds used for liver production
duck
muscoby
moulard
breeeds used for liver production
geese
landaise
hybrid gourmand
which sex is used for liver production
males and females in geese but only males in ducks
which age of bird is preferred for force feeding
younger
why are ducks preferred to geese
cheaper
can be obtained continuously throughiut the year
uniformity of livers
easier to force feed
first 7 weeks of ducks for fattening liver
same as ducks we eat
after 7 weeks
what do you feed ducks for force feeding
CP 16-17% to enlarge the oesophagus
1meal/day
2hrs/meal
what do we feed geese for force feeding for first 6 weeks
starter period
what do we feed geese for force feeding for next 5 weeks
grower feeding
feeding technology for force feeding
charging machines
feed mixers
target weight of liver in ducks
> 300g
target weight of liver in geese
> 400g
start of force feeding in muscovy ducks
12weeks
start of force feeding in moulard ducks
9weeks
start of force feeding in geese
12-14weeks
duration of force feeding in muscovy duck
14days
duration of force feeding in moulard duck
10days
duration of force feeding in goose
14-21days
main difference btw geese and duck force feeding
goose you increase the number of times you feed
muscovy duck feed
6-7kg/duck corn
moulard duck feed
8kg/duck corn
goose feed
day 14
13kg/goose corn
goose feed
day 21
22kg/goose corn
