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Nutrition Oral > Horses B1-4 > Flashcards

Horses B1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

overweight BCS

A

7

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2
Q

obese BCS

A

8/9

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3
Q

3 contributing factors of obesity

A
  1. importance of feed
  2. genetics
  3. altered hormone regulation
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4
Q

what is the grandma effect

A

ponies with 24hr access to pasture consume 5% bw of dm

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5
Q

what decreases insulin sensitivity

A

hyperleptinaemia

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6
Q

what 2 nutrients are involved in the carb overload

A

starch and fructone

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7
Q

what does starch do to microbiome

A

increases lactate
decreases luminal pH
increase intestinal permeability and osmotic pressure
the bacteria by products will cause laminitis

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8
Q

causes of hyperinsulinaemia

A

corticosteroids
genetic disposition
obesity
ppid
lack of exercise
high starch

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9
Q

what does hyperinsulinaemia cause

A

laminitis

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10
Q

insulin resistance

A

when normal insulin doesnt remove glucose form the blood so more insulin is produced

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11
Q

How does insulin cause laminitis

A

vasoconstriction
increased adhesion molecules on endothelial cells.
increasing neutrophil emigration to laminar tissues

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12
Q

2 types of EGUS

A

ESGD - equine squamous gastric disease
EGGD - equine glandular gastric disease

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13
Q

2 types of ESGD

A

primary - management and nutrition
secondary - delayed gastric emptying

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14
Q

clinical signs of EGUS

A

loss of appetite
recumbent
poor performance
colicky
weight loss aggression & nervousness

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15
Q

nutritional risk factors of EGUS

A

high starch/ concentrates
low fibre
low saliva
increased ffa

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16
Q

management risk factors of EGUS

A

no pasture
training
stress
rare feeding occassions and large meals

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17
Q

treatment and diet for EGUS

A

PPI
pasture or roughage for 16hrs
limit concentrates
use alfalfa and clover as a buffer
mix hay and granulates together
4-6daily feeding occasions; 1.5kg/100kg bw/day

18
Q

dysbiosis definition

A

imbalance of microorganisms within gut

19
Q

dysbiosis cause

A

excess grain and high starch feeds

20
Q

cause of diarrhoea

A

due to carb overload causing osmotic diarrhoea

21
Q

impactions location

A

gastric
ileal
cecla
large colon

22
Q

impactions

A

dentition
fibre size
feed quality
water
ravenous eaters

23
Q

what is the definition of obesity

A

> 20-25% of body mass is fat

24
Q

obesity can increase the risk of

A

orthopaedic disorders
endocrine and metabolic disorders
abdominal and intestinal disorders
exercise intolerance
heat intolderance

25
Q

clinical signs of equine metabolic syndrome

A

abnormal fatty deposits
cresty neck

26
Q

equine metabolic syndrome is associated with

A

obesity
insulin resistance
laminitis

27
Q

diagnosis of equine metabolic syndrome

A

gllucose/insulin test
oral glucose intolerance test
frequently sampled IV glucose tolerance test

28
Q

treatment of equine metabolic syndrome

A

first treat of laminitis
exercise
no concentrates or grains
soak hay to remove sugar
limit grass
supplements and vitamins

29
Q

result of chronic starvation

A

decerased metabolic rate
decreased body condition
decreased immune status
EGUS
increased endoparasites
cold intolerance

30
Q

result of acture starvation

A

insulin resistance
stress
pregnancy complications
disease

31
Q

what does the mobilisation of fat cause

A

VLDL overproduction by the liver causing hepatic lipidosis and hyperlipaemia

32
Q

causes of airway dieases

A

stable dust
mould spores on dry poor quality hay

33
Q

nutritional prevention of airway diseases

A

pasture without hay supplementation
haylage
steamed hay
pelleted or other processed or complete feed
soaked hay is less effective due to energy nd vit c loss

34
Q

muscular diseases

A

HYPP
PSSM
RER

35
Q

HYPP

A

hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis

36
Q

PSSM

A

polysaccharide storage myopathy

37
Q

RER

A

recurrent extertional rhabdomyolysis

38
Q

treatment for HYPP

A

limit K intake
stabilise insulin

39
Q

treatment for PSSM and RER

A

gradual aerobe training
low carb
high fat
belgian drafts

40
Q

PPID

A

pituitary pars intermedia disease
cushings

41
Q

clinical signs of PPID

A

weight loss
skeletal muscle atrophy
laminitis
immunosuppression
lethargy
reproductive problems
insulin resistance

42
Q

treatment of PPID

A

pergolide
diet for insulin resistant - oil, antioxidants, Mg,Chronium

Nutrition Oral (12 decks)

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