Horses B1-4 Flashcards
overweight BCS
7
obese BCS
8/9
3 contributing factors of obesity
- importance of feed
- genetics
- altered hormone regulation
what is the grandma effect
ponies with 24hr access to pasture consume 5% bw of dm
what decreases insulin sensitivity
hyperleptinaemia
what 2 nutrients are involved in the carb overload
starch and fructone
what does starch do to microbiome
increases lactate
decreases luminal pH
increase intestinal permeability and osmotic pressure
the bacteria by products will cause laminitis
causes of hyperinsulinaemia
corticosteroids
genetic disposition
obesity
ppid
lack of exercise
high starch
what does hyperinsulinaemia cause
laminitis
insulin resistance
when normal insulin doesnt remove glucose form the blood so more insulin is produced
How does insulin cause laminitis
vasoconstriction
increased adhesion molecules on endothelial cells.
increasing neutrophil emigration to laminar tissues
2 types of EGUS
ESGD - equine squamous gastric disease
EGGD - equine glandular gastric disease
2 types of ESGD
primary - management and nutrition
secondary - delayed gastric emptying
clinical signs of EGUS
loss of appetite
recumbent
poor performance
colicky
weight loss aggression & nervousness
nutritional risk factors of EGUS
high starch/ concentrates
low fibre
low saliva
increased ffa
management risk factors of EGUS
no pasture
training
stress
rare feeding occassions and large meals
treatment and diet for EGUS
PPI
pasture or roughage for 16hrs
limit concentrates
use alfalfa and clover as a buffer
mix hay and granulates together
4-6daily feeding occasions; 1.5kg/100kg bw/day
dysbiosis definition
imbalance of microorganisms within gut
dysbiosis cause
excess grain and high starch feeds
cause of diarrhoea
due to carb overload causing osmotic diarrhoea
impactions location
gastric
ileal
cecla
large colon
impactions
dentition
fibre size
feed quality
water
ravenous eaters
what is the definition of obesity
> 20-25% of body mass is fat
obesity can increase the risk of
orthopaedic disorders
endocrine and metabolic disorders
abdominal and intestinal disorders
exercise intolerance
heat intolderance
clinical signs of equine metabolic syndrome
abnormal fatty deposits
cresty neck
equine metabolic syndrome is associated with
obesity
insulin resistance
laminitis
diagnosis of equine metabolic syndrome
gllucose/insulin test
oral glucose intolerance test
frequently sampled IV glucose tolerance test
treatment of equine metabolic syndrome
first treat of laminitis
exercise
no concentrates or grains
soak hay to remove sugar
limit grass
supplements and vitamins
result of chronic starvation
decerased metabolic rate
decreased body condition
decreased immune status
EGUS
increased endoparasites
cold intolerance
result of acture starvation
insulin resistance
stress
pregnancy complications
disease
what does the mobilisation of fat cause
VLDL overproduction by the liver causing hepatic lipidosis and hyperlipaemia
causes of airway dieases
stable dust
mould spores on dry poor quality hay
nutritional prevention of airway diseases
pasture without hay supplementation
haylage
steamed hay
pelleted or other processed or complete feed
soaked hay is less effective due to energy nd vit c loss
muscular diseases
HYPP
PSSM
RER
HYPP
hyperkalaemic periodic paralysis
PSSM
polysaccharide storage myopathy
RER
recurrent extertional rhabdomyolysis
treatment for HYPP
limit K intake
stabilise insulin
treatment for PSSM and RER
gradual aerobe training
low carb
high fat
belgian drafts
PPID
pituitary pars intermedia disease
cushings
clinical signs of PPID
weight loss
skeletal muscle atrophy
laminitis
immunosuppression
lethargy
reproductive problems
insulin resistance
treatment of PPID
pergolide
diet for insulin resistant - oil, antioxidants, Mg,Chronium
