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Nutrition Oral > Pigs A1-6 > Flashcards

Pigs A1-6 Flashcards

1
Q

type of stomach of pigs

A

simple stomach
5L capacity

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2
Q

digestive tract of stomach of pig

A

14 times ht ebody length
capacity is 25L

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3
Q

puberty of pigs

A

6-8months

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4
Q

oestrus length of pigs

A

18-21 days

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5
Q

eggs ovulated per oestrus

A

10-20 days

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6
Q

gestation of pigs

A

115days

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7
Q

lactation length of pigs

A

21-42days

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8
Q

first oestrus post weaning

A

3-7days

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9
Q

average no of litters per year

A

1.7 - 2.5

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10
Q

weaning time of pigs

A

3-4 weeks

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11
Q

dry matter consumption of pigs

A

2-3% /body weight

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12
Q

average body weight at birth

A

1.7kg

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13
Q

average body weight at 21 days

A

5.2kg

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14
Q

average body weight at 28 days

A

7-9kg

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15
Q

average body weight at 70-90 days

A

20-30kg

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16
Q

average body weight at 180-210 days

A

95-110kg

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17
Q

HCL in piglets

A

pigs have achlorhydria at birth not Hcl
therefore no pepsin activity
therefore need rennin until day 14

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18
Q

days of suckling

A

day 0-28

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19
Q

body weight of suckling

A

1kg - 7-9kg

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20
Q

what is piglet fed day 0-1

A

colostrum

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21
Q

what is piglet fed day 0-10

A

milk

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22
Q

what is piglet fed day 10-28

A

creepfeed

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23
Q

what is creepfeed

A

milk mixed with prestarter

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24
Q

what is piglet fed day 28-42

A

prestarter

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25
Q

what is piglet fed day 42-70

A

starter

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26
Q

what is piglet fed day 70-90

A

piglet diet where they are sorted into fattening or breeding

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27
Q

transition from 1 diet to another should be

A

gradual to avoid disturbing the gut microflora

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28
Q

how much prestarter is eaten during suckling

A

1kg

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29
Q

main nutrient of prestarter

A

fat

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30
Q

CP content of prestarter

A

24%

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31
Q

CP content of starter

A

21%

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32
Q

CP content of piglet diet

A

18%

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33
Q

DE content of prestarter and starter and piglet diet

A

14 mg/kg

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34
Q

what micronutrient decrease

A

CP
fat
lysine
Ca
P

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35
Q

what is limiting a acid of pigs

A

lysine

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36
Q

demand of methionine as a % of lysine requirement

A

60%

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37
Q

demand of cysteine as a % of lysine requirement

A

60%

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38
Q

demand of threonine as a % of lysine requirement

A

65%

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39
Q

demand of tryptophan as a % of lysine requirement

A

17%

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40
Q

why do piglets require colostrum fast

A

only 1-2hrs of glycogen stores and less than 2% body fat
high energy requirement

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41
Q

when is colostrum available

A

10hrs before and 36hrs post farrowing

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42
Q

when do antibodies move into colostrum

A

2-3days prior to farrowing

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43
Q

what is the colostrum high in

A

rich in proteins and vitamins and P

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44
Q

what is milk high in

A

rich in fat and minerals

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45
Q

where does energy come from

A

FA
lactose
AA

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46
Q

ratio of Ca:P at 0hrs

A

0.45:1

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47
Q

ratio of Ca:P at 12hrs

A

0.55:1

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48
Q

ratio of Ca:P at 1-2weeks

A

1.5:1

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49
Q

protective factors of sow milk

A

Ig
protective cells - macrophages and lymphocytes

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50
Q

enzymes of sow milk

A

amylase
lipase
protease - inactive

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51
Q

regulatory factors of sow milk

A

EGF
insulin
insulin growth factor
PGE
polyamines - to stimulate growth of gi tract

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52
Q

important nutrients of piglets

A

fat
water
iron
vitamin e
selenium

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53
Q

dose of iron

A

200mg/piglet IM into left neck

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54
Q

effect of giving fat to sow late in pregnancy

A

increase milk fat
increase weaning weight
decreases weaning and rebreeding interval

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55
Q

weaning

A

adjustment of social, thermal and physical environment
change in diet form and composition

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56
Q

3 different types of weaning

A

traditional system
recent system
segregated early weaning

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57
Q

soil feed composition of traditional system

A

70-80

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58
Q

soil feed composition of recent system

A

50-60

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59
Q

soil feed composition of SEW

A

very little

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60
Q

age of traditional system

A

8 weeks

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61
Q

age of recent system

A

4weeks

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62
Q

age of SEW

A

2 weeks

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63
Q

principle of sew - segregated early weaning

A

based on assumption that there is minimal disease transmission btw sow and piglet

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64
Q

changes occuring at weaning

A

abrupt removal with synchronised feed periods
liquid to dry feed
no water intake voa milk
litters become mixed and sorted
mother is removed
change is temp, humidity, air ventilation, society, housing

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65
Q

6 resons for weaning at 28 days

A

digestive system development
immunity of pig
milk production of sow
post weaning fertility
labour competance
feed cost

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66
Q

how often should newly weaned pigs be fed

A

4-6 times a day

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67
Q

problems related to weaning stress

A

effect on enzyme activity
diarrhoea
nutritional, psychological, environmental and social factors

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68
Q

protein content of feed (CP) for piglet of BW 3-5kg

A

26%

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69
Q

protein content of feed (CP) for piglet of BW 5-10kg

A

23.7%

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70
Q

protein content of feed (CP) for piglet of BW 10-20kg

A

20.9%

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71
Q

protein content of feed (CP) for piglet of BW 20-50kg

A

18%

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72
Q

protein content of feed (CP) for piglet of BW 50-80kg

A

15.5%

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73
Q

protein content of feed (CP) for piglet of BW 80-120 kg

A

13.2%

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74
Q

feed supplements of weaned piglets

A

lysine and iron

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75
Q

cause of ulcers

A

size of feed
low fibre
high energy
high s of wheat
low vit e and selenium

76
Q

which feed is better to prevent ulcers

A

larger not as finely ground feed

77
Q

prevention and treatment of ulcers

A

large particle size
increase fibre
clay to line the stomach
coarse barley
buffer materialsvitamins A, E, K

78
Q

clinical signs of acute ulcers

A

pale
wakeness
dark faeces
dyspnoea
inappetance
vomit

79
Q

clinical signs of per acute ulcers

A

dead

80
Q

clinical signs of chronic cases ulcers

A

intermittent appetite

81
Q

when does a pug become a fattening pig

A

at day 90
when pig is 30kg

82
Q

requirements of pork productions

A

16 weeks
60-75kg

83
Q

requirements of bacon swine

A

22 weeks
80-85kg

84
Q

requirements of heavy hog

A

26 weeks
90-120kg

85
Q

energy of 1kg protein

A

45.7mj DE

86
Q

energy of 1kg fat

A

55.7 mj DE

87
Q

main source of energy for fatteners

A

carbs
fats
oils

88
Q

which is more economical in summer

A

fat

89
Q

which is more economical in winter

A

fibre

90
Q

biological value of proteins of fattening pigs

A

% of digested proteins forming muscles

91
Q

what is the quality of protein requirements

A

digestibility
biological value
anitinutrives

92
Q

fat requirement of fatteners

A

3%

93
Q

what can excess fat in fatteneres cause

A

lime soap formation with Ca and Mg

94
Q

linoleic acid in pigs >30kg

A

1.5g/kg

95
Q

linoleic acid in pigs <30kg

A

0.7g/kg

96
Q

increase in fibre in diet os fatteners

A

increases feed efficiency
decreases digestibility

97
Q

water requirements of fatteners

A

1 nipple to 15piglets

98
Q

water requirement of 20-60kg fattener

A

4L/day

99
Q

water requirement of 60-115kg fattener

A

5.5L/day

100
Q

optimal content of feed
feed intake for 20Kg pig

A

5%

101
Q

optimal content of feed
feed intake for 30 kg pig

A

4.8%

102
Q

optimal content of feed
feed intake for 40 kg pig

A

4.6%

103
Q

optimal content of feed
feed intake for 50 kg pig

A

4.4%

104
Q

optimal content of feed
feed intake for 60 kg pig

A

4.2%

105
Q

optimal content of feed
feed intake for 70 kg pig

A

3.9%

106
Q

optimal content of feed
feed intake for 80 kg pig

A

3.8%

107
Q

optimal content of feed
feed intake for 90 kg pig

A

3.6%

108
Q

optimal content of feed
average daily growth for 30 kg pig

A

625g

109
Q

optimal content of feed
average daily growth for 20 kg pig

A

500g

110
Q

optimal content of feed
average daily growth for 40 kg pig

A

750g

111
Q

optimal content of feed
average daily growth for 50-90 kg pig

A

790g

112
Q

weight of phase 1 of fattening pig

A

30-60kg

113
Q

weight of phase 2 of fattening pig

A

60-120kg

114
Q

DM of fattening pig

A

86%

115
Q

CP of phase 1 of fattening pigs

A

16.8%

116
Q

CP of phase 2 of fattening pigs

A

15%

117
Q

for how long should feed be given ad lib to fatteners

A

Until they are 50kg bw

118
Q

replacement gilts age and weight for first presentation

A

90days
25-30kg

119
Q

replacement gilts age and weight for second presentation

A

140 days
80-90kg

120
Q

what day is puberty in gilts

A

170days

121
Q

BCS 1-5 gilts

A

emacitated
thin
ideal
fat
over fat

122
Q
  1. emaciated
A

hips and backbone prominent to eye

123
Q
  1. thin
A

hips and backbone easily felt without applying palm pressure

124
Q
  1. ideal
A

hips and backbone felt only with firm pam pressure

125
Q
  1. fat
A

hips and backbone cant be felt

126
Q
  1. overfat
A

hips and backbone heavily covered

127
Q

nutrient requirement of gilts
CP

A

13.5%

128
Q

nutrient requirement of gilts
DE

A

14.2mj/kg

129
Q

cp of industry average gilts

A

14-16%

130
Q

cp of lean gilts

A

14%

131
Q

DE of industry average gilts

A

13

132
Q

de of lean gilts

A

13-14

133
Q

body weight of phase 1 of high lean gilts

A

25-60kg

134
Q

body weight of phase 2 of high lean gilts

A

60-125kg

135
Q

body weight of phase 3 of high lean gilts

A

125-140kg

136
Q

body weight of phase 4 of high lean gilts

A

early gestation

137
Q

back fat of phase 1 of high lean gilts

A

<7mm

138
Q

back fat of phase 2 of high lean gilts

A

7-16mm

139
Q

back fat of phase 3 of high lean gilts

A

16-18mm

140
Q

back fat of phase 4 of high lean gilts

A

18-22mm

141
Q

feeding of phase 1 of high lean gilts

A

ab lib

142
Q

feeding of phase 2 of high lean gilts

A

1.8-2.2 kg/day

143
Q

feeding of phase 3 of high lean gilts

A

ad lib

144
Q

feeding of phase 4 of high lean gilts

A

1.8- 2 kg/days

145
Q

what is lean growth assocated with

A

body protein deposition

146
Q

which is more efficent protein or fat growth

A

protein

147
Q

at what day and body weight is the first heat

A

day 190
110kg

148
Q

at what day and weight is the 2nd heat

A

210 days
140kg

149
Q

what is flushing

A

the provision of high quantity of feed ad lib for11-14 days prior to insemination

150
Q

what is the result of flushing

A

increase ovulation rate
increase litter size

151
Q

what is the feed given for flushing

A

3.5kg/day

152
Q

when do you not flush

A

if the sows condition is poor
wait until the 3rd heat

153
Q

2 different feeding strategies of gilts

A

genetically lean animals
industrial average

154
Q

genetically lean animals

A

increase muscle synthesis from protein
feed fat for energy reserves

155
Q

industrial average

A

increase fat synthesis
decrease protein synthesis by feeding moer protein

156
Q

at what day and weight are gilts inseminated and back fat

A

day 200-220.
135- 150kg
16-18mm back fat

157
Q

at what day and weight and bac kfat does partuition occur

A

180kg
day 315
18-20mm back fat

158
Q

feeding phases
day 0-4

A

1.8 - 2.3 kg/day

159
Q

feeding phases
day 4-30

A

feed according to bcs

160
Q

feeding phases
day 30-90

A

1.8-2.3 kg/day

161
Q

feeding phases
day 90- 112

A

2.7-3.6kg/day
to prevent ketosis

162
Q

feeding phases
day 112-113

A

2.5-3 kg/day
laxative diet to prevent obstipation

163
Q

feeding phases
day 113-114

A

1-1.8 kg/day
liquid diet prior to farrowing

164
Q

aims of sow nutrtion

A

help egg production and ovulation
increase the number of live piglets
increase the number of weaned piglets
increase weaning body weight of piglets
ensure good result of the next pregnancy

165
Q

DE of pregnant sows

A

14.2 mj/kg

166
Q

CPof pregnant sows

A

13.5%

167
Q

CFof pregnant sows

A

10%

168
Q

lysine of pregnant sows

A

0.6%

169
Q

when does lactation begins in sows

A

day 315 (post parteum( for 28 days (343 days)

170
Q

body weight of sow prior to weaning

A

160-170kg

171
Q

what happens in the supplement energy from the feed is insufficient

A

the sow will use her own fat reserves to produce milk

172
Q

feeding phase of lactating sow
day 1 after farrowing

A

2-2.5kg/day

173
Q

feeding phase of lactating sow
day 1-5 after farrowing

A

add 1kg/day everyday until day 5

174
Q

feeding phase of lactating sow
day 5-28 after farrowing

A

ad lib

175
Q

feeding phase of lactating sow
day 28 after farrowing

A

4kg/day

176
Q

feeding phase of lactating sow
day of service after farrowing

A

1.5-2 kg/day

177
Q

what happens if you just feed ad lib from day 1

A

halter milk production maybe

178
Q

energy requirement of lactating sows

A

14.2mj/day

179
Q

CP of lactating sows

A

18-19%

180
Q

lysine of lactating sows

A

1%

181
Q

what does late lactation determibne

A

the piglets weaning weihgt

182
Q

what are the 3 goals of the feeding system of lactating sows

A
  1. maximise intake of a properly formulated diet
  2. match the amino acids and other nutrient levels to the level of feed intake achieved
  3. maintain a reasonable feed cost per weaned pig
183
Q

what % of consumed nutrients are used for lactation

A

75%

184
Q

water intake of lactating pigs

A

2L/hour (40L/day)

185
Q

what to include in physical form of the diet of lactating sows

A

soak feed
corn soybean
nuts and weaner rolls

Nutrition Oral (12 decks)

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