postnatal development Flashcards
9 developmental stages
1- prenatal
2- infancy and toddlerhood
3- early childhood
4- middle childhood
5- adolescence
6-late adulthood
7- death and dying
Age stage terminology for
1- prenatal
2-infancy
3- toddler
4- early childhood
1- embryonic stage: conception to 8wks
fetal stage: 8 wks to birth
2- neonatal: birth to 22days
birth to onset of walking
3- 1-4y/o
4- infancy to 7 y/o
Developmental directions
- cephalocaudally (head to feet)
- proximaldistal
Motor dev characteristics
- in a predictable sequence
- at a variable rate
- as a continuous process
- from simple to complex
- from general to specific
sensory and motor dev by age 1
- mouthing (exploring objects)
- pull up ta a stand
- cruise (walking with help)
- grasping (pincer grip)
physical dev by age 1
- grown taller
- gotten heavier (x3 birth weight)
- big heads
- few teeth
Hourglass: model of motor dev
4 mvt phases that impact our lifelong daily living utilization, lifelong recreational utilization and life long competitive utilization
4 mvt phases of the hourglass model
1- reflexive mvt
2- rudimentary mvt
3- fundamental mvt
4- specialized mvt
Mountain of motor dev
non linear concept
braver les echelon de lapprentissage
unique to everyone
stages of the mountain of motor dev
-reflexive
- preadapted
- fundamental
- context specific
- skillful
classification of the motor aspect of movement and motor skills
- gross skills
- fine skills
classification of the environmental aspect of movement and motor skills
- Open KC
- closed KC
classification of the temporal aspect of movement and motor skills
- discreet
- serial
- continuous
classification of the functional aspect of movement and motor skills
- stability (static and dynamic body balance)
- locomotor
( body transportation) - manipulative
( imparting force on or receiving force from an object)
Phases of mvt/ Motor dev
1- reflexive
involuntary sub cortically controlled mvt in utero and early infancy
2- RUDIMENTARY
mvt of infancy influences by maturation
3- FUNDAMENTAL
basic mvt skills of childhood
fundamental mvt dev stages
1- INITIAL STAGE
- walking with short steps
2- ELEMENTARY STAGE
- walking heel to toe
3- MATURE STAGE
- reflexive arm swing
- from low to high quality mvt)
GROSS motor skills
- skills using the large muscle groups
- used in locomotion
Predictable sequence of activities
roll over -> crawl -> walk
sit up ->stand -> run
landmarks of dev hand control
At birth: grasping reflexive
3Months: grasping becomes voluntary
9-12 months: pincer grasp
Phases of mvt for stability
Reflexive: labyrinthine, body righting
Rudimentary: control of head and neck
unsupported sitting/standing
FUNDAMENTAL
- balancing on one foot
Phases of mvt for locomotion
REFLEXIVE:
-crawling reflex
-primary stepping reflex
RUDIMENTARY
-crawling
-upright gait
FUNDAMENTAL
- walking, running, jumping
Phases of mvt for manipulation
REFLEXIVE
- palmar grasp
- pull up
RUDIMENTARY
- reaching, grasping, releasing
FUNDAMENTAL
- throwing
- catching
- kicking
definition: Plasticity
the degree to which a developing structure or behavior is modifiable due to experience
Piagets theory of stages of cognitive dev
birth - 2y/o: Sensorimotor
2-6/7y/0: preoperational
7-11:concrete operational
12+: formal operational
3 basic aspects of memory
ENCODING: info is recorded into a form usable for memories
STORAGE: placement of information into memory
RETRIEVAL: how info is retrieved from memories
Bayley scales of infant development
(2-42months)
- Mental scale
- Motor scale
- behaviour scale
Erik erirksons stages of psychosocial dev
INFANCY: trust vs mistrust
EARLY CHILDHOOD: autonomy vs shame and doubt
PRESCOOL: initiative vs guilt
SCHOOL AGE: Industry vs inferiority
ADOLESCENT*: identity vs isolation
YOUNG ADULTHOOD: intimacy vs isolation
MIDDLE ADULTHOOD: generatively vs stagnation
MATURITY: ego integrity vs despair
imp events + outcome of trust vs mistrust
event: feeling
outcome: hope
Imp events + outcome of autonomy vs shame and doubt
events: toilet training
outcome: will
Imp events + outcome of industry vs inferiority
event: school
outcome: confidence
(fail = feel not good enough)
Imp events + outcome of intimacy vs isolation
event: relationship
outcome: love
(can be impacted by previous stages)
Imp events + outcome of generatively vs stagnation
event: work and parenthood
outcome: care
fail: midlife crisis
Imp events + outcome of ego integrity vs despair
event : reflect on life
outcome wisdom
havighurts three sources for developmental tasks
1- physical maturation
learning to walk, control of bowel, behaving
2- Personal values
- choosing occupation, figuring out outlook on life
3- Pressure of society
- learning to read, responsible citizen
