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BRS Phase 1b > Postnatal & Child Development > Flashcards

Postnatal & Child Development Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 areas of the developing embryo?

A

Future Forebrain - Prosencephalon
Future Midbrain - Mesencephalon
Future Hindbrain - Rhombencephalon
Future spinal chord

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2
Q

What can you see from a side view of the embryo at 4 weeks

A

Cephalic flexure
Pontine Flexure
Cervical Flexure

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3
Q

What can you see at 5 weeks?

A

Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Pons & Medulla

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4
Q

What can you see at 8 weeks?

A

ventricular system, channels 3rd, 4th ventricle and aqueduct developing at this stage

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5
Q

What does the pyramidal tract supply?

A

Supply sacral lumbar thoracic and cervical nerves

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6
Q

What do the Extra-pyramidal tracts supply?

A

Coordination of movement and posture and balance regulation

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7
Q

What are the components of a reflex arc

A 
sensory receptor
sensory neuron
integrating center
motor neuron
effector
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8
Q

What is the Morrow reflex?

A

neck is suddenly extended

arms abduct and then adduct

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9
Q

When does the Morrow Reflex develop?

A

28-32 weeks gestation

should disappear at 2-3 months

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10
Q

What can the persistence of Primitive reflexes indicate?

A

Impaired development

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11
Q

What is the standing reflex at 3 months?

A

extension of lower extremities
hips slightly flexed and behind the shoulder
head free to turn

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12
Q

What is the grasp reflex?

A

Object placed in palm, fingers grasp object

Stroking on the side of the hand opens fingers

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13
Q

When does the baby develop protective reflexes?

A

6-9 months

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14
Q

What is the parachute reflex?

A

Baby placed in forward tilt position, protects itself with outstretched arms. also occurs on the side

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15
Q

What is Development?

A

Global impression of a child encompassing: growth, increase in understanding, acquisition of new skills and more sophisticated responses and behavior
Endows child with increasingly complex skills in order to function in society

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16
Q

Who can assess a Childs development and when?

A

Parents
All doctors
Nursery nurses
Teachers

Opportunistically
Planned as part of programme of reviews

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17
Q

What are the 4 domains of child development?

A

Gross Motor Skills - Position, head lag, sitting, walking, running.

Fine Motor skills - Use of hands, grasp and fine pincer, bricks, crayon, puzzles.

Social Skills - Social interaction, Stranger reaction, Eating skills, Dressing

Speech & Language skills - Vocalisation, Words, Understanding, Imaginative play.

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18
Q

What is head lag?

A

Lift them up, neck lags behind due to weak neck muscles?

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19
Q

When do babies develop good head control?

A

3 months

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20
Q

What is the positioning at 6-8 weeks?

A

Raises head to 45 degrees in prone

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21
Q

What is the positioning at 6 months?

A

Sits with rounded back

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22
Q

What is the positioning at 8 months?

A

Sits with straight back

23
Q

What do babies start to do at 3-5 months?

A

Roll

24
Q

What is the babies movement at 8-9 months?

A

Crawling

25
Q

What is the movement at 10 months?

A

Cruises around furniture

26
Q

What is the movement at 12 months?

A

Walks unsteadily, broad gait, hands apart

27
Q

What is the movement at 15 months?

A

Walks steadily

28
Q

How do babies go from sitting to walking?

A

Many different pathways

29
Q

What is vision at 6 weeks?

A

Follows object by face/head turning?

30
Q

What is vision/fine motor at 4 months?

A

Reaches out for toys

31
Q

What is fine motor at 4-6 months?

A

Palmar grasp

32
Q

What is fine motor at 7 months?

A

transfer toys from one hand to the other

33
Q

What is fine motor at 10 months?

A

mature pincer grip

34
Q

What is fine motor at 16-18 months?

A

Able to make marks with a crayon

35
Q

What are fine motor at 14 months to 4 years?

A

Progression of building block coordination

36
Q

What is fine motor at 2-5 years?

A

Develops more sophisticated drawings

37
Q

What is language for a newborn?

A

Startles to loud noises

38
Q

What is language at 3-4 months?

A

Vocalises alone or when spoken to, coos and laughs

39
Q

What is language at 7 months?

A

turn to soft sounds out of sight

40
Q

What is language at 7-10 months

A

7 - indiscriminately use of sound polysyllabic babble

10- discriminatory use of sound towards parents

41
Q

What is language at 12 months?

A

Two to three words other than dada mama

42
Q

What is language at 18 months?

A

6-10 words, shows two parts of the body

43
Q

What is language at 20-24 months?

A

Uses two or more words to make simple phrases

44
Q

What is language at 2.5-3 years?

A

Talks consistently with 3-4 word sentences

45
Q

What is social development at 18 months?

A

Holds spoon and gets food safely to mouth

46
Q

What is social at 18-24 months?

A

symbolic play

47
Q

What is social at 6 weeks?

A

Smiles responsively

48
Q

What is social at 6-8 months?

A

puts food in mouth

49
Q

What is social at 10-12 months?

A

waves bye-bye, plays peek a boo

50
Q

What is social at 12 months?

A

Drinks from a cup with two hands

51
Q

What is social at 2 yrs old?

A

dry by day pulls off some clothing

52
Q

What is social at 2.5-3 yrs old?

A

parallel play, interactive play evolving, takes turns

53
Q

What are limit ages?

A 
warning system for development
Head control - 4 months
Sits unsupported - 9 months
Stands Independently - 12 months
Walks independently - 18 months

BRS Phase 1b (80 decks)

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