Postnatal & Child Development

Question 1

What are the 4 areas of the developing embryo?

Answer 1

Future Forebrain - Prosencephalon
Future Midbrain - Mesencephalon
Future Hindbrain - Rhombencephalon
Future spinal chord

Question 2

What can you see from a side view of the embryo at 4 weeks

Answer 2

Cephalic flexure
Pontine Flexure
Cervical Flexure

Question 3

What can you see at 5 weeks?

Answer 3

Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Pons & Medulla

Question 4

What can you see at 8 weeks?

Answer 4

ventricular system, channels 3rd, 4th ventricle and aqueduct developing at this stage

Question 5

What does the pyramidal tract supply?

Answer 5

Supply sacral lumbar thoracic and cervical nerves

Question 6

What do the Extra-pyramidal tracts supply?

Answer 6

Coordination of movement and posture and balance regulation

Question 7

What are the components of a reflex arc

Answer 7

sensory receptor
sensory neuron
integrating center
motor neuron
effector

Question 8

What is the Morrow reflex?

Answer 8

neck is suddenly extended

arms abduct and then adduct

Question 9

When does the Morrow Reflex develop?

Answer 9

28-32 weeks gestation

should disappear at 2-3 months

Question 10

What can the persistence of Primitive reflexes indicate?

Answer 10

Impaired development

Question 11

What is the standing reflex at 3 months?

Answer 11

extension of lower extremities
hips slightly flexed and behind the shoulder
head free to turn

Question 12

What is the grasp reflex?

Answer 12

Object placed in palm, fingers grasp object

Stroking on the side of the hand opens fingers

Question 13

When does the baby develop protective reflexes?

Answer 13

6-9 months

Question 14

What is the parachute reflex?

Answer 14

Baby placed in forward tilt position, protects itself with outstretched arms. also occurs on the side

Question 15

What is Development?

Answer 15

Global impression of a child encompassing: growth, increase in understanding, acquisition of new skills and more sophisticated responses and behavior
Endows child with increasingly complex skills in order to function in society

Question 16

Who can assess a Childs development and when?

Answer 16

Parents
All doctors
Nursery nurses
Teachers

Opportunistically
Planned as part of programme of reviews

Question 17

What are the 4 domains of child development?

Answer 17

Gross Motor Skills - Position, head lag, sitting, walking, running.

Fine Motor skills - Use of hands, grasp and fine pincer, bricks, crayon, puzzles.

Social Skills - Social interaction, Stranger reaction, Eating skills, Dressing

Speech & Language skills - Vocalisation, Words, Understanding, Imaginative play.

Question 18

What is head lag?

Answer 18

Lift them up, neck lags behind due to weak neck muscles?

Question 19

When do babies develop good head control?

Answer 19

3 months

Question 20

What is the positioning at 6-8 weeks?

Answer 20

Raises head to 45 degrees in prone

Question 21

What is the positioning at 6 months?

Answer 21

Sits with rounded back

Question 22

What is the positioning at 8 months?

Answer 22

Sits with straight back

Question 23

What do babies start to do at 3-5 months?

Answer 23

Roll

Question 24

What is the babies movement at 8-9 months?

Answer 24

Crawling

Question 25

What is the movement at 10 months?

Answer 25

Cruises around furniture

Question 26

What is the movement at 12 months?

Answer 26

Walks unsteadily, broad gait, hands apart

Question 27

What is the movement at 15 months?

Answer 27

Walks steadily

Question 28

How do babies go from sitting to walking?

Answer 28

Many different pathways

Question 29

What is vision at 6 weeks?

Answer 29

Follows object by face/head turning?

Question 30

What is vision/fine motor at 4 months?

Answer 30

Reaches out for toys

Question 31

What is fine motor at 4-6 months?

Answer 31

Palmar grasp

Question 32

What is fine motor at 7 months?

Answer 32

transfer toys from one hand to the other

Question 33

What is fine motor at 10 months?

Answer 33

mature pincer grip

Question 34

What is fine motor at 16-18 months?

Answer 34

Able to make marks with a crayon

Question 35

What are fine motor at 14 months to 4 years?

Answer 35

Progression of building block coordination

Question 36

What is fine motor at 2-5 years?

Answer 36

Develops more sophisticated drawings

Question 37

What is language for a newborn?

Answer 37

Startles to loud noises

Question 38

What is language at 3-4 months?

Answer 38

Vocalises alone or when spoken to, coos and laughs

Question 39

What is language at 7 months?

Answer 39

turn to soft sounds out of sight

Question 40

What is language at 7-10 months

Answer 40

7 - indiscriminately use of sound polysyllabic babble | 10- discriminatory use of sound towards parents

Question 41

What is language at 12 months?

Answer 41

Two to three words other than dada mama

Question 42

What is language at 18 months?

Answer 42

6-10 words, shows two parts of the body

Question 43

What is language at 20-24 months?

Answer 43

Uses two or more words to make simple phrases

Question 44

What is language at 2.5-3 years?

Answer 44

Talks consistently with 3-4 word sentences

Question 45

What is social development at 18 months?

Answer 45

Holds spoon and gets food safely to mouth

Question 46

What is social at 18-24 months?

Answer 46

symbolic play

Question 47

What is social at 6 weeks?

Answer 47

Smiles responsively

Question 48

What is social at 6-8 months?

Answer 48

puts food in mouth

Question 49

What is social at 10-12 months?

Answer 49

waves bye-bye, plays peek a boo

Question 50

What is social at 12 months?

Answer 50

Drinks from a cup with two hands

Question 51

What is social at 2 yrs old?

Answer 51

dry by day pulls off some clothing

Question 52

What is social at 2.5-3 yrs old?

Answer 52

parallel play, interactive play evolving, takes turns

Question 53

What are limit ages?

Answer 53

``` warning system for development Head control - 4 months Sits unsupported - 9 months Stands Independently - 12 months Walks independently - 18 months ```