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Anatomy > Posterior Thigh leg foot > Flashcards

Posterior Thigh leg foot Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the gluteal region extend form

A

The iliac crests (L4) to gluteal fold

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2
Q

What are the superficial gluteal muscles

A

Gluteus Maximus, medius, minimus, TFL

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3
Q

What innervates the gluteus maximus

A

Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)

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4
Q

What is the action of gluteus maximus

A

Extend hip

Laterally rotate hip

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5
Q

What is the action of gluteus medius and minimus

A

ABduct and medially state hip

Keep pelvis level when standing on leg

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6
Q

What is a positive trendelenburg test result

A

With a right superior gluteal nerve injury, when the patient stands on the right leg only, pelvis will tilt to unsupported side (left)

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7
Q

What innervates gluteus medius and minimus

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L5-S1)

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8
Q

What innervates the Tensor fascia latae

A

Superior gluteal nerve (L5-S1)

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9
Q

What is the action of the TFL

A

tense the fascia lata

weakly flex and medially rotate hip

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10
Q

What is the origin/insertion rule for the deep gluteal muscles

A

pelvic girdle to proximal femur

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11
Q

What is the action rule for the deep gluteal muscles

A

laterally rotate hip stabilize hip

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12
Q

What is the innervation rule for deep gluteal muscles

A

Branches of the sacral plexus (L4-S4)

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13
Q

What are the deep gluteal muscles

A

Obturator internus
Piriformis
Superior/inferior gemelli
Quadratus femoris

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14
Q

What is significant about the piriformis

A

Superior gluteal vessels emerge superior to it

Inferior gluteal vessels emerge inferior to it

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15
Q

What muscle acts similarly to the deep gluteal muscles

A

Obturator externus in the medial thigh; it laterally rotates and stabilizes the hip

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16
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve usually branch into tibial and common fibular

A

In the distal thigh

In 12% of people, it branches as soon as it leaves the pelvis and the common fibular passes through piriformis

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17
Q

What is piriformis syndrome

A

In individuals who are very active, hypertrophy or spasm of piriformis can compress sciatic (or common fibular in 12%)

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18
Q

Where is the best place to administer IM injections

A

the superolateral gluteal region; to avoid vasculature and nerves

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19
Q

Where does Gluteus max insert

A

IT tract and gluteal tuberosity of femur (posterior)

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20
Q

Where do gluteus med and min insert

A

greater trochanter of femur

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21
Q

Where does TFL originate and insert

A

ASIS to IT tract

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22
Q

What is the action rule for the Hamstrings

A

Extend hip

Flex knee

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23
Q

What is the innervation rule for the Hamstrings

A

Tibial nerve (L5-S2)

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24
Q

What is the origin rule for Hamstrings

A

ischial tuberosity

25
Q

What are the muscles of the posterior thigh

A

Semitendinosus
Semimembranosis
Long head of biceps femurs
Short head of biceps femurs (not hamstring)

26
Q

What is the origin of the short head of biceps femoris

A

linea aspera

27
Q

What is the innervation for the short head of biceps femoris

A

Common Fibular nerve

28
Q

What is the action of short head of biceps femoris

A

flex knee

29
Q

What forms pes anserinus

A

Tendons of the:
Sartorial
Gracilis
Semitendinosus

30
Q

What is pes asnerinus bursitis

A

inflammation of the bursa underlying the Pes, causing medial knee pain

31
Q

What is the action rule for the lateral leg

A

Evert foot

weakly plantar flex

32
Q

What is the innervation rule for the lateral leg

A

Superficial fibular nerve (L5-S2)

33
Q

What does the SF fibular nerve innervate

A

skin of anterolateral leg and most of foot (not flip flop region or lateral pinky)
muscles of lateral leg compartment

34
Q

What are the muscles of the lateral leg

A

Fibularis longus

Fibularis brevis

35
Q

What is the insertion of Fibularis longus

A

goes behind lateral malleolus, wraps under the foot, attaches to base of 1st metatarsal

36
Q

What inserts similarly to Fibularis longus

A

Tibialis anterior- but it crosses medially and attaches to the medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

37
Q

Where does fibularis brevis insert

A

goes behind lateral malleolus and inserts on the tuberosity of 5th metatarsal

38
Q

What would happen if the common fibular nerve were injured where it wraps around the fibula

A

SF and deep fibular would be affected, affecting anterior and lateral compartments, losing dorsiflexion, toe extension, and eversion of the foot, and making it difficult to invert. Foot drop

39
Q

What is the action rule for the posterior leg

A

Plantar flex ankle

Flex toes

40
Q

What is the innervation rule for posterior leg compartment

A 
Tibial nerve (L4-S3)
which travels between SF and deep muscle groups
41
Q

What does the tibial nerve innervate

A

Gives rise to Sural nerve which innervates skin on posterolateral leg and lateral foot

42
Q

What branches does the Sural nerve receive

A

Tibial nerve and common fibular nerve branches

43
Q

What are the superficial posterior leg muscles

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

44
Q

What is significant about the Plantaris

A

It is absent in 5-10% of people

45
Q

Where do muscles of the SF posterior leg insert

A

calcaneal tuberosity via calcanea tendon (achilles tendon)

46
Q

What does the calcaneal tendon reflex test

A

Tibial nerve at S1-S2 levels, mainly S1

If there is a lesion at S1, calcaneal tendon reflex will be absent

47
Q

What makes up Triceps Surae

A

Gastrocnemius and Soleus

48
Q

What are the muscles of the deep posterior leg

A

Popliteus
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Tibialis posterior

49
Q

Where does FDL insert

A

distal phalanges of 2-5 to flex MTP, PIP, and DIP

50
Q

Where does FHL insert

A

Distal phalanx of hallux to flee MTP and IP

51
Q

Where does Tibialis posterior insert

A

Navicular tuberosity (part of Tom Dick and Harry)

52
Q

What are action exceptions in the posterior leg

A

Soles (plantar flex only)
Popliteus (unlock knee from extended position)
Tibialis posterior (plantar flex and invert)

53
Q

What is the tarsal tunnel

A

Where Tom Dick and Harry pass under the flexor retinaculum

54
Q

What passes under the Tarsal tunnel

A

Tibialis posterior
flexor Digitorum longus
flexor Hallucis longus
posterior tibial Artery/Nerve

55
Q

What blood supplies the posterior leg

A

Posterior tibial artery

56
Q

What blood supplies the posterior thigh

A

Deep artery of the thigh (also obturator artery)

57
Q

What supplies the gluteal region

A

Superior gluteal and inferior gluteal arteries (from internal iliac artery)

58
Q

What blood supplies the knee

A

genicular branches of popliteal artery

59
Q

What blood supplies the anterolateral leg and dorsal foot

A

Anterior tibial artery

Anatomy (10 decks)

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