Pelvis II Flashcards
What can be palpated vaginally in the female
The
What can be palpated rectally in the male and female
Male: prostate, seminal vesicle
Female: vagina
In which pouch does fluid usually collect (Female)
the rectouterine pouch
What pouches are present in males and females
Male: Rectovesical
Female: vesicouterine, rectouterine
What type of organs are the female pelvic organs
Uterus: intraperitoneal
Ovaries: intraperitoneal (open directly to peritoneal cavity)
What are the remnants of the gubernaculum in females
ovarian ligament and round ligament of the uterus.
It is tethered to the labia and pulls the ovaries down from the posterior abdominal wall
What is the broad ligament
a double layer of peritoneum that tethers the uterus to the lateral walls and floor
It flips forward during development bringing ovaries forward
Where do ureters enter the pelvis
near the bifurcation of the common iliac vessels
Where do the ureters run
posterior to the uterine artery/ductus deferens
“water under the bridge”
What has a potential for damage during a hysterectomy
Ureters, because they run inferior to the uterine artery
What is the median lobe of the prostate associated with
Benign prostatic hypertrophy
What is the posterior lobe of the prostate associated with
prostatic carcinoma
What allows the bladder to extend superiorly along the abdominal wall
Retropubic space (extra-peritoneal)
What can benign prostatic hypertrophy lead to
- Urine leakage due to stretched internal urethral sphincter
- Increased desire to void due to pressure on trigone
- Difficulties voiding due to obstructed urethra
What is significant about the bladder in infants and adults with distended bladders
The bladder is superior to the pubic symphysis, so a suprapubic incision will not enter the peritoneal cavity
What is the “seat belt sign”
the seat belt can lead to collapsed urinary bladder, causing urine leakage in the peritoneal cavity
What innervation does the detrusor receive
Parasympathetic to stimulate contraction
What innervation does the internal urethral sphincter receive
Sympathetic to stimulate contraction
What innervation do pelvic organs receive
Parasympathetic (pelvic splanchnic)
Sympathetic (lumbar/sacral splanchnic TO superior/inferior hypogastric ganglia)
Visceral sensory
What innervation do ovaries and testis receive
sympathetic (thoracic splanchnic TO superior mesenteric ganglion)
What innervation do ovaries and testis receive
sympathetic
What route does visceral sensory from the pelvis follow
Superior to the pelvic pain line: sympathetic
Inferior to pelvic pain line: parasympathetic
What muscles control micturition
Detrusor muscle, internal urethral sphincter
What is the path of an oocyte
Expelled into peritoneal cavity from ovary. Picked up by fimbriae, travels through the uterine tubes and implants on the endometrium
What happens if the oocyte if it is not picked up the the fimbriae
it can implant outside the endometrium and lead to ectopic pregnancy
What is the path of spermatozoa
created in seminiferous tubules, to rete testis, to efferent ductules, to epididymis, to ductus deferens, to ejaculatory duct, to prostatic urethra
What forms the ejaculatory duct
The ampulla of the ductus deferens and the duct of the seminal vesicle
What is the most common place for ectopic pregnancy
Uterine tubes
What are the tissue of the uterus
Myometrium (smooth muscle- expands dramatically)
Endometrium (implantation)
What are the regions of the uterus
Fundus
Body
Cervix (internal and external os)
What lies at the end of the vagina and before the external os
The lateral, anterior, and posterior fornices
What is significant about the posterior fornix
it leads directly to the rectouterine pouch and can be used to examine the peritoneal cavity
What ligaments are found in the female pelvis
Suspensory ligament of the ovary
Round ligament of the uterus
Ovarian ligament
What is a hydrocele
Fluid accumulation in the tunica vaginalis
What covers the testis
tunica albuginea
How is a vasectomy preformed
By making an incision in the superior scrotum to expose and ligate the dictum deferens
What is the seminal vesicle
thin walled tubes coiled between rectum and bladder that secrete fluid with spermatozoa
What is the seminal vesicle
thin walled tubes coiled between rectum and bladder that secrete fluid with spermatozoa
What is Complete Androgen Insensitivity (CAIS)
they are born with XY, but cell receptors do not respond to androgens. They are phenotypically female with incompletely descended testicles, WITHOUT uterus, cervix, or fallopian tubes
What is Complete Androgen Insensitivity (CAIS)
they are born with XY, but cell receptors do not respond to androgens. They are phenotypically female with incompletely descended testicles, WITHOUT uterus, cervix, or fallopian tubes
Where is the pelvic pain line located
inferior limit of peritoneum., at the Midpoint of sigmoid colon
What organs lie in between the pelvic pain line and therefore both visceral pathways are used
bladder, uterus, rectum
