Posterior abdominal wall

Question 1

What layers cover the outside of the kidney

Answer 1

Paranephric fat (outermost), renal fascia, perinephric fat (innermost). 
Kidney and adrenal glands directly covered by renal capsule

Question 2

what are the borders of the kidney

Answer 2

superior pole, inferior pole, lateral border, medial border

Question 3

What is the renal hilum

Answer 3

Opening in the medial borer where renal vein, artery, and pelvis run

Question 4

What is the inner structure of the kidney

Answer 4

renal cortex, renal medulla

In the renal medulla: renal pyramids, renal papillae, minor calices, major chalices, renal pelvis

Question 5

Where does lymph from kidneys and adrenal glands drain

Answer 5

directly into the lumber lymph nodes along the abdominal aorta

Question 6

What arteries supply the kidneys

Answer 6

Paired branches. 
Renal arteries (R longer than left, and posterior to IVC)

Question 7

What spinal level are the kidneys at

Answer 7

T12-L3
The right kidney is slightly lower due to liver
(transpyloric plane is at L1, umbilicus at L4)

Question 8

In a horseshoe kidney, what is ascension stopped by

Answer 8

Fused inferior poles make the kidney stop ascending at the IMA

Question 9

What arteries supply the adrenal glands

Answer 9

Superior suprarenal arteries
Middle suprarenal arteries
Inferior suprarenal arteries

Question 10

What supplies venous drainage for the kidneys AND adrenal glands

Answer 10

IVC (union of L/R common iliac veins

Question 11

How do IVC tributaries run

Answer 11

All parallel paired branches of the aorta except the: 
Left Gonadal vein (drains into L renal vein)
Hepatic veins (3 veins with no complement)

Question 12

What kind of innervation do the kidneys receive

Answer 12

• Parasympathetic via vagus nerve to kidney walls
• Sympathetic to wall of kidney
• Visceral sensory (follows sympathetic path to dorsal root)

Question 13

What are the ureters made up of

Answer 13

fibromuscular tubes capable of peristalsis.

Primary retroperitoneal

Question 14

Where do the ureters run

Answer 14

renal pelvis–>calicies–> ureters–>bladder

Question 15

What innervation do the adrenal glands receive

Answer 15

Sympathetic to adrenal medulla

Question 16

What are the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 16

Iliopsoas (iliac fossa-->lesser trochanter)
Quadratus Lumborum (12th rib-->iliac crest)

Question 17

What are the branches of the lumbar plexus

Answer 17

Lumbar plexus (L1-L5)
Iliohypogastric (L1)
Ilioinguinal (L1)
Genitofemoral (L1-L2) 
Lateral cutaneous of thigh (L2-L3)
Femoral (L2-L4)
Obturator (L2-L4)