Plantar foot Flashcards
Where is skin on the foot thickest
over weight bearing areas (heel, lateral margin, base of hallux
What does the SF fascia contain
fibrous septa to improve grip and divide the tissue into fat filled areas for shock absorption
What is the deep fascia of the foot called
Plantar fascia
What is the sickened plantar fascia calles
Plantar aponeurosis, over plantar arch
What is plantar fasciitis
Inflammation of the plantar aponeurosis causing pain to medial foot and plantar heel
What can plantar fasciitis lead to
calcaneal spur (ossification in posterior plantar aponeurosis) causing a bursa to develop and become inflamed
What is in the first layer of the plantar foot
Flexor digitorum brevis
ABductor hallucis
ABductor digiti minimi
What is the function of ABductor hallucis/digiti minimi
To ABduct and flex the MTP joints
What is the function of FDB
flex digits 2-5 at MTP and PIP joints
How do tendons of FDB insert
They divide and insert on middle phalanges
What is in layer 2 of the foot
Tendon of FHL
Tendon of FDL
Quadrates plantae
Lumbricals
How does tendon of FHL insert
It travels between two sesamoid bones of the hallux (sesamoids ofof flexor hallucis brevis)
How to tendons of FDL insert
They divide the tendon of Flexor digitorum braves (Layer 1) and insert on distal phalanx
What is the action of Quadrates plantae
assist FDL
What is the function of Lumbricals
Flex MTP joints
Extend PIP/DIP
Where do the lumbricals originate/insert
They originate at tendons of FDL and insert on extensor expansions of digits 2-5 (medial side of each digit)
What is in Layer 3 of plantar foot
Adductor hallucis (transverse and oblique heads)
Flexor hallucis brevis
Flexor digiti minimi
How does Flexor hallucis brevis insert
It has two tendons with sesamoids that insert on either side of phalanx of hallux to help hold FHL tendon
What joints do muscles of layer 3 work on
MTP joints only
flex MTP of hallux and digit 5, adduct MTP of hallux
What is in layer 4 of the plantar foot
3 Plantar interossei (Adduct MTP of 3-5)
4 Dorsal interossi (Abduct MTP of 2-4)
What does the medial plantar nerve innervate
S2-S3 -Motor to "LAFF" muscles 1st Lumbrical Abductor hallucis Flexor hallucis brevis Flexor digitorum brevis -Sensory to medial sole, tips and plantar of medial 3.5 digits
What does the lateral plantar nerve innervate
everything else
What does the medial plantar artery supply
SF tissues of sole, muscles of hallux
What does the medial plantar artery continue to become
Superficial plantar arch (FDB)
Plantar digital arteries (hallux and medial digit 2)
What does the lateral plantar artery supply
plantar foot
What does the lateral plantar arch branch into
deep plantar arch (between layer 3&4)
plantar metatarsal arteries
plantar digital arteries
Where do deep veins of the foot drain
Fibular and posterior tibial veins
Where do SF veins of foot drain
Great and Small saphenous veins
