Plantar foot

Question 1

Where is skin on the foot thickest

Answer 1

over weight bearing areas (heel, lateral margin, base of hallux

Question 2

What does the SF fascia contain

Answer 2

fibrous septa to improve grip and divide the tissue into fat filled areas for shock absorption

Question 3

What is the deep fascia of the foot called

Answer 3

Plantar fascia

Question 4

What is the sickened plantar fascia calles

Answer 4

Plantar aponeurosis, over plantar arch

Question 5

What is plantar fasciitis

Answer 5

Inflammation of the plantar aponeurosis causing pain to medial foot and plantar heel

Question 6

What can plantar fasciitis lead to

Answer 6

calcaneal spur (ossification in posterior plantar aponeurosis) causing a bursa to develop and become inflamed

Question 7

What is in the first layer of the plantar foot

Answer 7

Flexor digitorum brevis
ABductor hallucis
ABductor digiti minimi

Question 8

What is the function of ABductor hallucis/digiti minimi

Answer 8

To ABduct and flex the MTP joints

Question 9

What is the function of FDB

Answer 9

flex digits 2-5 at MTP and PIP joints

Question 10

How do tendons of FDB insert

Answer 10

They divide and insert on middle phalanges

Question 11

What is in layer 2 of the foot

Answer 11

Tendon of FHL
Tendon of FDL
Quadrates plantae
Lumbricals

Question 12

How does tendon of FHL insert

Answer 12

It travels between two sesamoid bones of the hallux (sesamoids ofof flexor hallucis brevis)

Question 13

How to tendons of FDL insert

Answer 13

They divide the tendon of Flexor digitorum braves (Layer 1) and insert on distal phalanx

Question 14

What is the action of Quadrates plantae

Answer 14

assist FDL

Question 15

What is the function of Lumbricals

Answer 15

Flex MTP joints

Extend PIP/DIP

Question 16

Where do the lumbricals originate/insert

Answer 16

They originate at tendons of FDL and insert on extensor expansions of digits 2-5 (medial side of each digit)

Question 17

What is in Layer 3 of plantar foot

Answer 17

Adductor hallucis (transverse and oblique heads)
Flexor hallucis brevis
Flexor digiti minimi

Question 18

How does Flexor hallucis brevis insert

Answer 18

It has two tendons with sesamoids that insert on either side of phalanx of hallux to help hold FHL tendon

Question 19

What joints do muscles of layer 3 work on

Answer 19

MTP joints only

flex MTP of hallux and digit 5, adduct MTP of hallux

Question 20

What is in layer 4 of the plantar foot

Answer 20

3 Plantar interossei (Adduct MTP of 3-5)

4 Dorsal interossi (Abduct MTP of 2-4)

Question 21

What does the medial plantar nerve innervate

Answer 21

S2-S3
-Motor to "LAFF" muscles
1st Lumbrical
Abductor hallucis
Flexor hallucis brevis
Flexor digitorum brevis
-Sensory to medial sole, tips and plantar of medial 3.5 digits

Question 22

What does the lateral plantar nerve innervate

Answer 22

everything else

Question 23

What does the medial plantar artery supply

Answer 23

SF tissues of sole, muscles of hallux

Question 24

What does the medial plantar artery continue to become

Answer 24

Superficial plantar arch (FDB)

Plantar digital arteries (hallux and medial digit 2)

Question 25

What does the lateral plantar artery supply

Answer 25

plantar foot

Question 26

What does the lateral plantar arch branch into

Answer 26

deep plantar arch (between layer 3&4)
plantar metatarsal arteries
plantar digital arteries

Question 27

Where do deep veins of the foot drain

Answer 27

Fibular and posterior tibial veins

Question 28

Where do SF veins of foot drain

Answer 28

Great and Small saphenous veins