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Anatomy > Lower Limb Joints > Flashcards

Lower Limb Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of joints

A 
Fibrous joints (variable mobility)
Cartilaginous joints (limited mobility)
Synovial joints (highly mobile)
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2
Q

What are examples of a fibrous joint

A

united by fibrous connective tissue

suture, supine tibiofibular joint

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3
Q

What are examples of cartilaginous joints

A 
united by hyaline cartilage
(1st sternocostal joint)
OR fibrocartilage (pubic symphysis).
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4
Q

What are examples of synovial joints

A

united by joint capsule.

Most common in human body

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5
Q

What do all synovial joints include

A

Joint capsule
joint cavity
synovial cartilage

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6
Q

What is synovial cartilage

A

thin layer of hyaline cartilage covering each bone individually (no bone to bone contact)

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7
Q

What is a joint capsule

A

two layers surrounds articulating bones.

Fibrous (SF) and Synovium (secretes synovial fluid)

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8
Q

What is a joint cavity

A

defines potential space, filled with synovial fluid for lubrication and nutrition

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9
Q

What is a bursa (synovial joint)

A

synovial structures with fibrous layer, synovium, and synovial fluid cavity. facilitates movement of structures crossing joints (ex. muscles)

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10
Q

What is a tendon sheath

A

bursa that wrap around tendons i wrists and ankles

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11
Q

What are articular discs

A

fibrocartilage pads between bones.
shock absorption
sternoclavicular joint

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12
Q

What is a meniscus

A

C shaped cartilage between bones

medial/lateral menisci of the knee

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13
Q

What is a labrum

A

rim of cartilage around margin of a bone

acetabular labrum

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14
Q

What is a ligament

A

connective tissue crossing a joint
Extracapsular
capsular
intracapsular

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15
Q

What is an extra capsular ligament

A

outside the joint capsule

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16
Q

What is a capsular ligament

A

thickening of joint capsule

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17
Q

What is an intracapsular ligament

A

inside joint capsule

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18
Q

What are SI joints

A

they have fibrous and synovial features
Ilium covered in fibrocartilage
Sacrum covered with hyaline cartilage

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19
Q

What are the intrinsic ligaments in the sacrum

A

Anterior and posterior sacroiliac ligaments

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20
Q

What are the extrinsic ligaments of the sacrum

A

Sacrotuberous ligament

Sacrospinous ligament

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21
Q

What kind of joint is the hip joint

A

Ball and socket Synovial

22
Q

What are the ligament of the hip joint

A

Iliofemoral and Ischiofemoral- prevent hyperextension

Pubofemoral- prevents hyperabduction

23
Q

What are the regions of the acetabulum

A

Lunate surface, opened by acetabular notch

Acetabular labrum

24
Q

What enters the fovea capitis

A

Round ligament of the femur (holds femur to acetabulum)

25
Q

What supplies blood to the hip joint

A

acetabular branch of obturator artery

26
Q

What can a hip fracture damage

A

Medial circumflex artery leading to avascular necrosis (acetabular artery can’t supply head fully

27
Q

What is the knee joint

A

Hinge synovial joint

Where femoral condyles and flat tibial condyles (plateau) communicate

28
Q

What does the patella slide in

A

Patellar grove on anterior aspect of femur

29
Q

What are the ligaments of the knee

A

Medial collateral ligament (prevent medial bowing)

Lateral collateral ligament (prevents lateral bowing)

30
Q

What does the ACL prevent

A

hyperextension

anterior tibia to posterior femur

31
Q

What does the PCL prevent

A

hyperflexion
posterior tibia to anterior femur
Main stabilizer of flexed, weight bearing knee

32
Q

What is in the “unhappy triad” injury

A

lateral force applied to knee, injuring ACL, MCL, and medial meniscus where it attaches to MCL

33
Q

What is the purpose of the menisci of the knee

A

improve contact and stabilize joint

34
Q

What is the proximal tibiofibular joint

A

Synovial

35
Q

What is the distal tibiofibular joint

A

Fibrous joint

36
Q

What is the talocrural joint

A

hinge synovial between distal tip/fib and talus

dorsiflexion/plantarflexion

37
Q

What is the subtalar joint

A

synovial joint between calcareous and talus (inversion/eversion)

38
Q

What makes up the medial collateral ligament

A

Deltoid ligament-
Tibionavicular
Tibiocalcaneal
Anterior/posterior tibiotalar

39
Q

What doe the Deltoid ligament prevent

A

hypereversion

40
Q

What makes up the lateral collateral ligament

A

anterior/posterior talofibular

calcaneofibular

41
Q

What does the lateral collateral ligament prevent

A

Hyperinversion

42
Q

How does the weight of the body transfer

A 
tibia 
talus
calcaneus
lateral foot border
metatarsal heads
hallux
43
Q

What are the arches of the foot

A

Medial longitudinal
Lateral longitudinal
Transverse arch

44
Q

What makes up the Medial longitudinal arch

A 
calcaneous
talus
navicular
3 cuneiforms
1-3 metatarsal heads
45
Q

What makes up the lateral longitudinal arch

A

calcaneous
cuboid
4-5 metatarsal heads

46
Q

What makes up the transverse arch

A

3 cuneiforms
cuboid
base of all metatarsals

47
Q

What are arches maintained by

A 
configuration of bone (keystone)
plantar aponeurosis
Tibialis posterior tendon
Fibularis longus tendon
Flexor hallucia/digitorum longus
Ligaments of the foot
48
Q

What are the ligaments of the foot

A

Long plantar
Short plantar
Spring ligament

49
Q

What are MTP joints

A

Synovial joints capable of flexion/extension

abduction/adduction

50
Q

What are the MTP joint ligaments

A

Collateral ligaments
Plantar ligaments
Deep transverse ligaments

51
Q

What are the IP joints

A

hinge synovial joints capable of flexion/extension.

NO deep transverse ligaments

Anatomy (10 decks)

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