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Anatomy > Anterior thigh leg foot > Flashcards

Anterior thigh leg foot Flashcards

1
Q

What is the action rule for the anterior thigh

A

Hip flexion

Knee extension

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2
Q

What is the innervation rule for the anterior thigh

A

femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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3
Q

What is the blood supply to the anterior thigh

A

femoral artery

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4
Q

What are the muscles in the anterior thigh compartment

A 
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius 
Iliopsoas
Sartorius
Pectineus
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5
Q

What are the action exceptions in the anterior compartment

A

Sartorius (flex hip, extend knee, laterally rotate, abduct)

Pectineus (Adduct hip, flex hip

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6
Q

What are your innervation exceptions in the anterior thigh

A

Pectineus (some obturator)

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7
Q

What forms the quadriceps tendon

A

The distal vastus medialis, lateralis, intermedius, and rectus femoris

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8
Q

What does the quadriceps tendon become

A

the patellar ligament, and inserts on the tibial tuberosity

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9
Q

What is the function of the patella

A

to increase leverage of the quadriceps

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10
Q

Where can bursitis occur in the knee

A 
Prepatellar bursitis (between skin and patella)
Suprapatellar bursitis (deep to quadriceps tendon)
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11
Q

What does your patellar reflex test

A

Integrity of Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

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12
Q

What is the origin rule for the medial thigh

A

Pubis

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13
Q

What is the action rule for the medial thigh

A

ADduct hip joint

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14
Q

What is the innervation rule for the medial compartment of the thigh

A

Obturator nerve (L2-L4)

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15
Q

What are the muscles of the medial thigh

A 
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adduco magnus (hamstring and adductor parts)
Gracilis
Obturator externus
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16
Q

What are the action exceptions in the medial thigh

A 
Hamstring of Adductor Magnus (extend hip joint)
Gracilis (weakly adduct, weakly flex/medially rotate knee)
Obturator externus (laterally rotate hip)
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17
Q

What are the innervation exceptions for the medial thigh

A

Hamstring of Adductor Magnus (Tibial nerve)

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18
Q

What is compartment syndrome

A

Swelling in a compartment can compromise blood flow and innervation, leading to ischemia

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19
Q

What are the retinacula of the crural fasci

A 
Flexor retinacula (tibia to calcaneus)
Extensor (two on dorsal foot)
Fibular (two on lateral foot)
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20
Q

What are tendons covered with under retinacula

A

synovial sheaths to reduce friction

BUT, they can become inflamed and painful

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21
Q

What is the action rule for the anterior leg

A

Dorsiflex ankle

Extend toes

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22
Q

What is the innervation rule for the anterior leg

A

Deep fibular nerve (L4-S1)

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23
Q

What are the muscles of the anterior leg

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibulars tertius

24
Q

What are the action exceptions for the anterior leg

A 
Tibialis anterior (invert the foot, dorsiflex ankle)
Fibularis tertius (evert the foot, dorsiflex ankle)
25
Q

What is significant about Fibularis Tertius

A

it is absent in 8% of people, or fused with extensor digitorum longus

26
Q

What is the branching of the sciatic nerve

A

sciatic nerve
tibial and common fibular
CF (around neck of fibula) to superficial and deep fibular

27
Q

Where do shin splints occur

A

In the Tibialis anterior- strain caused by repeated microtrauma, leading to inflammation which CAN lead to compartment syndrome

28
Q

What does the Deep fibular nerve innervate

A

L4-S1
Motor to anterior leg and dorsal foot
Sensory to flip flop region

29
Q

What LE nerve is most injured and why

A

Common fibular nerve, it is vulnerable because of how superficial it is when it winds around the fibula

30
Q

What will injury to the common fibular nerve affect

A

Anterior compartment of leg and dorsal foot

Lateral compartment of leg

31
Q

What will common fibular injury lead to

A

Foot drop or foot slap, with compensation as steppage gait.

Due to loss of dorsi flexion and toe extension

32
Q

What is stoppage gait

A

exaggerated knee and hip flexion to compensate for loss of dorsiflexion of ankle during swing phase

33
Q

What are the muscles of the dorsal foot

A

Extensor hallucis brevis

Extensor digitorum brevis

34
Q

What is the innervation rule for the dorsal foot

A

deep fibular nerve

35
Q

What does the Obturator artery supply

A

Medial and Posterior thigh compartments

36
Q

What is the aberrant obturator artery

A

in 20% of people, obturator arises from inferior epigastric artery instead of internal iliac artery

37
Q

What does the Femoral artery supply

A

Anterior thigh compartment and medial thigh compartment

38
Q

What is significant about the femoral artery

A

You can feel the femoral pulse just inferior to the inguinal ligament. Compressing this location will stop blood flow to the LE

39
Q

What does the femoral artery pass through distally

A

The adductor hiatus (in adductor magnus) and becomes the popliteal artery

40
Q

What does the deep artery of the thigh supply

A

Posterior compartment of thigh

41
Q

What does the deep artery of the thigh branch into

A 
Lateral circumflex (lateral thigh)
Medial circumflex (femoral head and neck)
42
Q

What does the anterior tibial artery supply

A

bases through interosseus membrane to supply anterolateral leg
Terminates at ankle

43
Q

What does Dorsals pedis supply

A

major source of blood to the toes

44
Q

What are the branches of the dorsals pedis

A

Arcuate artery
dorsal metatarsals
dorsal digital

45
Q

Where is the dorsals pedis

A

dorsal foot, just lateral to extensor hallucis longus tendon

46
Q

Where does the dorsal venous arch drain

A

Medially to great saphenous

Laterally to small saphenous

47
Q

What do deep veins accompany

A

arteries, and share names

48
Q

Where does the great saphenous drain

A

into External iliac

49
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle

A

Inguinal ligament
Sartorius
Adductor longus

50
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle

A

NAVEL

Femoral nerve, artery, vein, Empty, Lymph

51
Q

What is not enclosed in the fascial tube of the femoral triangle

A

The femoral nerve

52
Q

What is the purpose of the femoral canal

A

allow expansion of femoral vein when venous return is increased

53
Q

Where does a femoral hernia emerge

A

In the femoral ring (proximal)
Medial to femoral vein
Inferior to inguinal ligament

54
Q

Who do femoral hernia occur in more

A

females

55
Q

Where else can a femoral hernia emerge

A

the saphenous opening into subcutaneous tissue of thigh

56
Q

What is the difference between femoral hernia and direct inguinal hernias

A

Femoral hernias emerge inferior to inguinal ligament

Inguinal hernias emerge superior to inguinal ligament

Anatomy (10 decks)

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