Anterior thigh leg foot Flashcards
What is the action rule for the anterior thigh
Hip flexion
Knee extension
What is the innervation rule for the anterior thigh
femoral nerve (L2-L4)
What is the blood supply to the anterior thigh
femoral artery
What are the muscles in the anterior thigh compartment
Rectus femoris Vastus medialis Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius Iliopsoas Sartorius Pectineus
What are the action exceptions in the anterior compartment
Sartorius (flex hip, extend knee, laterally rotate, abduct)
Pectineus (Adduct hip, flex hip
What are your innervation exceptions in the anterior thigh
Pectineus (some obturator)
What forms the quadriceps tendon
The distal vastus medialis, lateralis, intermedius, and rectus femoris
What does the quadriceps tendon become
the patellar ligament, and inserts on the tibial tuberosity
What is the function of the patella
to increase leverage of the quadriceps
Where can bursitis occur in the knee
Prepatellar bursitis (between skin and patella) Suprapatellar bursitis (deep to quadriceps tendon)
What does your patellar reflex test
Integrity of Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
What is the origin rule for the medial thigh
Pubis
What is the action rule for the medial thigh
ADduct hip joint
What is the innervation rule for the medial compartment of the thigh
Obturator nerve (L2-L4)
What are the muscles of the medial thigh
Adductor longus Adductor brevis Adduco magnus (hamstring and adductor parts) Gracilis Obturator externus
What are the action exceptions in the medial thigh
Hamstring of Adductor Magnus (extend hip joint) Gracilis (weakly adduct, weakly flex/medially rotate knee) Obturator externus (laterally rotate hip)
What are the innervation exceptions for the medial thigh
Hamstring of Adductor Magnus (Tibial nerve)
What is compartment syndrome
Swelling in a compartment can compromise blood flow and innervation, leading to ischemia
What are the retinacula of the crural fasci
Flexor retinacula (tibia to calcaneus) Extensor (two on dorsal foot) Fibular (two on lateral foot)
What are tendons covered with under retinacula
synovial sheaths to reduce friction
BUT, they can become inflamed and painful
What is the action rule for the anterior leg
Dorsiflex ankle
Extend toes
What is the innervation rule for the anterior leg
Deep fibular nerve (L4-S1)
What are the muscles of the anterior leg
Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibulars tertius
What are the action exceptions for the anterior leg
Tibialis anterior (invert the foot, dorsiflex ankle) Fibularis tertius (evert the foot, dorsiflex ankle)
What is significant about Fibularis Tertius
it is absent in 8% of people, or fused with extensor digitorum longus
What is the branching of the sciatic nerve
sciatic nerve
tibial and common fibular
CF (around neck of fibula) to superficial and deep fibular
Where do shin splints occur
In the Tibialis anterior- strain caused by repeated microtrauma, leading to inflammation which CAN lead to compartment syndrome
What does the Deep fibular nerve innervate
L4-S1
Motor to anterior leg and dorsal foot
Sensory to flip flop region
What LE nerve is most injured and why
Common fibular nerve, it is vulnerable because of how superficial it is when it winds around the fibula
What will injury to the common fibular nerve affect
Anterior compartment of leg and dorsal foot
Lateral compartment of leg
What will common fibular injury lead to
Foot drop or foot slap, with compensation as steppage gait.
Due to loss of dorsi flexion and toe extension
What is stoppage gait
exaggerated knee and hip flexion to compensate for loss of dorsiflexion of ankle during swing phase
What are the muscles of the dorsal foot
Extensor hallucis brevis
Extensor digitorum brevis
What is the innervation rule for the dorsal foot
deep fibular nerve
What does the Obturator artery supply
Medial and Posterior thigh compartments
What is the aberrant obturator artery
in 20% of people, obturator arises from inferior epigastric artery instead of internal iliac artery
What does the Femoral artery supply
Anterior thigh compartment and medial thigh compartment
What is significant about the femoral artery
You can feel the femoral pulse just inferior to the inguinal ligament. Compressing this location will stop blood flow to the LE
What does the femoral artery pass through distally
The adductor hiatus (in adductor magnus) and becomes the popliteal artery
What does the deep artery of the thigh supply
Posterior compartment of thigh
What does the deep artery of the thigh branch into
Lateral circumflex (lateral thigh) Medial circumflex (femoral head and neck)
What does the anterior tibial artery supply
bases through interosseus membrane to supply anterolateral leg
Terminates at ankle
What does Dorsals pedis supply
major source of blood to the toes
What are the branches of the dorsals pedis
Arcuate artery
dorsal metatarsals
dorsal digital
Where is the dorsals pedis
dorsal foot, just lateral to extensor hallucis longus tendon
Where does the dorsal venous arch drain
Medially to great saphenous
Laterally to small saphenous
What do deep veins accompany
arteries, and share names
Where does the great saphenous drain
into External iliac
What are the borders of the femoral triangle
Inguinal ligament
Sartorius
Adductor longus
What are the contents of the femoral triangle
NAVEL
Femoral nerve, artery, vein, Empty, Lymph
What is not enclosed in the fascial tube of the femoral triangle
The femoral nerve
What is the purpose of the femoral canal
allow expansion of femoral vein when venous return is increased
Where does a femoral hernia emerge
In the femoral ring (proximal)
Medial to femoral vein
Inferior to inguinal ligament
Who do femoral hernia occur in more
females
Where else can a femoral hernia emerge
the saphenous opening into subcutaneous tissue of thigh
What is the difference between femoral hernia and direct inguinal hernias
Femoral hernias emerge inferior to inguinal ligament
Inguinal hernias emerge superior to inguinal ligament
