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Anatomy > Overview of LE > Flashcards

Overview of LE Flashcards

1
Q

What are the bones of the lower extremity

A 
Os Coxae
femur
patella
tibia
fibula
7 tarsals
5 metatarsals
14 phalanges (toe has proximal and distal only )
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2
Q

What are the regions of the Tibia

A

medial and lateral tibial condyles
shaft
medial malleolus of the tibia

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3
Q

What are the regions of the fibula

A

head
shaft
lateral malleolus

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4
Q

What bone bears most of the weight in the leg

A

Tibia

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5
Q

What kind of joint is the hip joint

A

Acetabulum and head of femur have a ball and socket synovial joint

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6
Q

What does the talus articulate with

A

distal tibia and lateral malleolus of the fibula

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7
Q

What kind of joint is the knee joint

A

femoral and tibial condyles have a hinge joint (SOME medial and lateral rotation)

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8
Q

What kind of joint is the Talocrural(ankle) joint

A

hinge joint

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9
Q

What kind of joint is the subtler joint

A

talus and calcaneus have a synovial joint capable of inversion and eversion

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10
Q

What are metatarsophalangeal joints

A

synovial joints between metatarsals and phalanges

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11
Q

What movements are the MTP joints capable of

A

Flexion (toes towards the ground)
Extension (toes away from ground
Abduction (move away from 2nd digit)
Adduction (move towards 2nd digit)

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12
Q

What are interphalangeal joints

A 
Hinge synovial joints between phalanges 
Can be PIP (proximal to middle phalange)
or DIP (middle to distal phalange)
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13
Q

What movements are the IP joints capable of

A

Flexion (toes away from the ground)

Extension (toes towards the ground)

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14
Q

What is found in the superficial fascia of the LE

A

cutaneous nerves, SF veins, lymph, fat

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15
Q

What is found in the deep fascia of the LE

A

dense connective tissue, similar to elastic stocking

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16
Q

What are the regions of the deep fascia in the LE

A

Thigh: Fascia lata
Leg: crural fascia

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17
Q

What is the fascia lata attached to

A

Inguinal ligament, pubis, iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx, ischia tuberosity

18
Q

What opening in the fascia lata is inferior to the inguinal ligament

A

Saphenous opening

great saphenous vein and associated vessels pass through

19
Q

What is the lateral thickening of the fascia lata

A

Iliotibial tract (which is attached to tensor fascia latae)

20
Q

What intermuscular septa arise from fascia lata

A

3, which attach to linea aspera diving thigh into anterior, medial, and posterior compartments

21
Q

What intermuscular fascia arise from the crural fascia

A

2, which attach to fibula (along with interosseous membrane) which divide leg into anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments
Another fascia divides posterior into SF and deep

22
Q

What does the crural fascia become distally, near the ankle joint

A

It thickens to become extensor, flexor, and fibular retinacula

23
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein run

A

dorsal aspect of foot, anterior to medial malleolus
ascend along medial leg and thigh
enter saphenous opening in fascia lata
drain into femoral vein

24
Q

What is the saphenous cut down procedure

A

Access to saphenous vein anterior to medial malleolus to administer fluids and meds quickly in obese, infants, and dehydrated patients (collapsed veins)

25
Q

What are great saphenous grafts used for

A

Coronary bypass surgery (CABG)
it is accessible,
walls have muscular and elastic fibers, there are long distances between tributaries

26
Q

What is the path of the Small saphenous vein

A

arises from lateral foot
posterior to lateral malleolus
enter popliteal fossa
drain into popliteal vein

27
Q

What are the major Deep veins of the LE

A

popliteal vein
deep vein of the thigh
femoral vein

28
Q

What are perforating veins

A

Veins connecting superficial to deep veins, containing valves to make sure blood only flows SF to deep

29
Q

How do we prevent blood from pooling in the legs

A
  • Musculovenous pump: when muscles contract, blood un deep veins is propelled to femoral and external iliac veins
  • Valves in the deep veins prevent reflux of blood inferiorly
30
Q

What are varicose veins

A

When valves in the perforating veins malfunction leading to back flow of blood from deep to superficial, distending SF veins

31
Q

Where does the SF gluteal region drain lymph

A

SF glutes–>SF inguinal nodes–>external iliac–>common iliac–>lumbar nodes–>chyle cistern–>thoracic duct

32
Q

Where does the deep gluteal region drain lymph

A

deep gluteal–>superior/inferior gluteal nodes–>internal iliac nodes–>common iliac nodes–>lumbar nodes–>chyle cistern–>thoracic duct

33
Q

Where do SF thigh/leg/foot with great saphenous vein drain lymph

A

Drain into SF inguinal nodes–>external iliac nodes–>common iliac etc.

34
Q

Where do SF thigh/leg/foot with small saphenous vein drain lymph

A

popliteal nodes–>deep inguinal nodes–>external iliac nodes–>common iliac nodes etc.

35
Q

What makes up the Lumbar plexus

A 
Iliohypogastric (L1)
Ilioinguinal (L1)
Genitofemoral (L1-L2)
Lateral cutaneous of thigh (L2-L3)
Obturator (L2-L4)
Femoral (L2-L4)
36
Q

What makes up the Sacral plexus

A 
Lumbosacral trunk (L4-L5)
Superior gluteal
Inferior gluteal
Sciatic (L4-S3)
Pudendal (S2-S4)
37
Q

What is the course of the sciatic nerve

A

Exits greater sciatic foramen, inferior to piriformis

Enters gluteal region (does not innervate glutes)

38
Q

What is the course of the pudendal nerve

A

Exits greater sciatic foramen inferior to piriformis
Goes around ischial spine
Enters lesser sciatic foramen
Enters pudendal canal

39
Q

What is the course of the obturator nerve

A

Emerge medial to posts major

exit obturator canal

40
Q

What is the course of the femoral nerve

A

Emerge lateral to psoas major

Anatomy (10 decks)

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