Posterior Thigh and Popliteal Fossa Flashcards

1
Q

When you move the hip into flexion, which of the small lateral rotators in the gluteal region lose most of their function?

A

quadratus femoris

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2
Q

Posterior Thigh Muscles

  • Common name:
  • Common proximal attachment:
  • Common innvervation:
  • Functions:
A

Posterior Thigh Muscles

- Common name: hamstrings (tendons posterior to knee area used to hang hams of pigs, hamstringing enemy and their horse during ancient times)

- Common proximal attachment: ischial tuberosity (except short head of biceps femoris)

- Common innvervation: tibial division of sciatic N. (except short head of biceps femoris which is by common fibular N.)

- Functions: thigh extension (except short head of biceps femoris) and leg flexion (all 4)

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3
Q

Semitendinosus

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Innervation:
A

Semitendinosus

(long, cordlike tendon that begins 2/3 of the way down thigh)

  • Origin: ischial tuberosity
  • Insertion: medial surface of superior aspect of tibia
  • Action: extend thigh, flex leg (medially rotate)
  • Innervation: tibial N.
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4
Q

What muscles comprise the pes anserinus?

A
  • sartorius (femoral N.)
  • semitendinosus (tibial N.)
  • gracilis (obturator N.)
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5
Q

Semimembranosus

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Innervation:
A

Semimembranosus

  • Origin: ischial tuberosity (flattened membranous proximal attachment)
  • Insertion: posterior part of medial condyle of tibia
  • Action: extend thigh, flex leg
  • Innervation: tibial N.
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6
Q

The attachment of semimembranosus to posterior medial condyle of tibia blends w/ what tendon and provides what function?

A
  • blends w/ popliteal fascia and becomes oblique popliteal ligament
  • this reinforces the intercondylar part of joint capsule of knee
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7
Q

Biceps Femoris Long Head

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Innervation:
A

Biceps Femoris Long Head

  • Origin: ischial tuberosity
  • Insertion: head of the fibula
  • Action: flex leg, extend thigh
  • Innervation: tibial N.
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8
Q

Biceps Femoris Short Head

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Innervation:
A

Biceps Femoris Short Head

  • Origin: distal lateral lip of linea aspera of femur
  • Insertion: head of the fibula
  • Action: only flexed leg
  • Innervation: common fibular N.
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9
Q

Adductor Magnus (Hamstring Portion)

  • Origin:
  • Insertion:
  • Action:
  • Innervation:
A

Adductor Magnus (Hamstring Portion)

  • Origin: ischial tuberosity
  • Insertion: adductor tubercle on the medial epicondyle of femur
  • Action: extend thigh
  • Innervation: tibial N.
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10
Q

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa:

  • superomedially:
  • superolaterally:
  • inferolaterally:
  • inferomedially:
A

What are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa:

  • superomedially: semitendinosus and semimembranosus
  • superolaterally: biceps femoris
  • inferolaterally: lateral head gastrocnemius
  • inferomedially: medial head gastrocnemius
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11
Q

What is the order of popliteal contents? (superficial to deep)

A
  • nerves
  • popliteal vein, lymph nodes and branches
  • popliteal artery and branches
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12
Q
  • deepest structure in popliteal fossa
  • continuation of femoral artery, becomes _______ artery after passing through adductor hiatus
  • runs close to knee joint capsule, gives rise to genicular branches
A

popliteal artery

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13
Q

How does the body bypass the need for blood flow from popliteal or femoral As. if they are damaged?

A
  • genicular branches of popliteal A. form genicular anastomosis
  • important collateral circulation if knee is fully flexed too long or narrowed/occluded popliteal vessels
  • supplies articular capsule and ligaments of knee joint
  • descending branch of lateral femoral circumflex A. is especially important in supplying leg if femoral A. is severed or ligated
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14
Q

What 2 arteries does the popliteal A. divide into?

A
  • anterior tibial A.
  • posterior tibial A.

(and they said med school is hard :))

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15
Q
  • small saphenous vein terminates into the _______ vein
  • lies superficial to and in same fibrous sheath as popliteal artery
  • becomes femoral vein after tranversing adductor hiatus
A

popliteal V.

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16
Q

Sciatic nerve usually ends at superior angel of popliteal fossa where it divides into the: (2)

A
  • tibial N.
  • common fibular (peroneal) N.
17
Q
  • most superficial structure relative to popliteal A. and V.
  • innervation: superficial and deep posterior leg muscles, knee joint
A

tibial N.

18
Q
  • leaves popliteal fossa by passing superficial to lateral head of gastrocnemius
  • winds around head and neck of fibula (susceptible to injury)
  • deep to fibularis longus it terminates into: deep fibular N. and superficial fibular N.
A

common fibular (peroneal) N.

19
Q
  • composed of: medial sural cutaneous nerve (from tibial nerve); AND sural (or fibular) communicating branch (from common fibular nerve) OR lateral sural cutaneous nerve (from common fibular nerve)
  • runs inferiorly w/ small saphenous vein
  • innervates: distal posterior aspect of leg and lateral aspect of ankle and foot
A

cutaneous nerves: sural nerve