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MSK > Epithelia > Flashcards

Epithelia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the roles of epithelial tissue?

Characteristics?

What is the think extracellular, felt-like sheet epithelial cells rest on?

Epithelium that is involved in secretion is arranged as:

A
  • roles: physical protection, permeability, secretion, and sensation
  • characteristics: cellularity, polarity, attachment (to basement membrane), avascular (get nutrients through diffusion), innervation, and regeneration
  • rests on: basement membrane
  • secretory glands
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2
Q

Two parts to this card:

Part 1: cells show polarity; organelles and proteins are ________ distributed

Part 2: picture:

A
  • unevenly
  • (top to bottom of picture): apical (free) surface, lateral surface, and basal surface
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3
Q
  • type of intercellular junction
  • impermeable, allows cells to function as a barrier (especially if high number of these are present)
  • encircle cells near most apical surface
  • proteins: occludins, claudins
  • similar to a draw string bag, the higher number of these junctions present, the lower the permeability will be
A

tight/occluding junctions

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4
Q
  • type of intercellular junction
  • fluid-filled channels that connect opposed cells
  • proteins: connexin aggregates
A

gap junction (communicating junction)

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5
Q
  • type of intercellular junction
  • multiple types: adherens, desmosome, hemidesmosomes
  • adherens: lateral adhesions involving cadherin:actin interations
  • desmosome: lateral adhesions involving cadherins:intermediate filament interactions
  • hemidesmosomes: basal adhesions involving intergrins:intermediate filament interactions
A

anchoring junctions

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6
Q
  • clinical relevance of intercellular junctions
  • bacteria that cause food poisoning target _____ _______ in the intestine which impairs the junction and causes loss of tissue fuid into intestinal lumen
  • H. pylori causes gastric ulcers by binding to _____ _______ in the stomach and increasing permeability, loss of gastric contents (acid) causes the ulcers
A

tight junctions

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7
Q
  • clinical relevance of intercellular junctions
  • autoimmune disease pemphigus vulgaris causes abnormal _________ function which reduces cell-cell adhesion and causes blisters in the oral mucosa
A

desmosomes

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8
Q
  • specialized sheet of extracellular material that is located adjacent to basal domain
  • selective barrier between tissues permits diffusion of nutrients
  • on tissue stains, it can help identify epithelial tissue boundary
A

basement membrane

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9
Q
  • type of apical specialization
  • cytoplasmic processes containing an actin core and covered in plasma membrane
  • specialized for absorption
  • number/shape correlate to the cell’s absorptive capacity
  • celiac disease: loss of ______ on absorptive cells in SI
A

microvilli

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10
Q
  • type of apical specialization
  • microvilli of unusual length, long and less mobile than cilia
  • have an actin core and increase surface area for absorption/secretion
  • restricted locations: epididymis (absorption/secretion) and hair cells of inner ear (structural, bend to initiate hearing)
A

sterocilia

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11
Q
  • type of apical specialization
  • long, highly motile stuctures containing internal arrays of microtubules (up to 10mm long, 300+ may be present)
  • motile: beat in a wave-like fashion to propel substances across the tissue
  • primary: immotile, function as chemosensors, osmosensors, and mechanosensors
  • nodal: embryonic, have role in L/R axis determination

(critical in airways)

A

cilia

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12
Q

How do you classify tissue type?

A
  1. Determine the amount of layers present: 1 layer = simple, 2+ layers = stratified
  2. Determine the shape of the cells on the apical surface: squamous cells are flat, cuboidal cells are cube shaped, and columnar cells are column shaped
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13
Q
  • tissue type
  • location: lining of blood and lymphatic vessels (endothelium), lining of serous membranes (mesothelium), lining alveoli in lungs, loop of Henle in kidneys, various ducts
  • function: exchange, barrier, and lubrication
A

simple squamous

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14
Q
  • tissue type
  • location: kidney tubules, glands and associated ducts, terminal bronchioles, covering the ovaries
  • function: absorption, barrier, secretion
A

simple cuboidal

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15
Q
  • tissue type
  • location: auditory tubes, uterus, oviducts, stomach, SI/LI, gallbladder
  • function: absorption and secretion
  • nucleus can be round/egg shaped, and the cells can be ciliated
A

simple columnar

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16
Q
  • tissue type
  • location: lining of nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi
  • function: absorption/secretion, debris and particulate movement
  • restricted to airways, mucus secretion
A

pseudostratified columnar ciliated

17
Q
  • tissue type
  • pseudostratified, transitional epithelium
  • location: urinary bladder, ureters, urethra
  • function: barrier, distensible property, keep out toxic waste
A

urothelium

(top of cartoon pic is bladder empty, bottom of cartoon pic is bladder full)

18
Q
  • tissue type
  • location: oral cavity, portions of the pharynx, esophagus, anus, vagina, urethra, cornea
  • function: barrier, protection

(areas w/ constant/frequent abrasion)

A

nonkeratinized stratified squamous

19
Q
  • tissue type
  • location: epidermis of the skin
  • function: barrier, protection
  • kertain filaments on outermost surface gives skin a bit of water proofing
A

keratinized stratified squamous

20
Q
  • tissue type
  • location: sweat glands/ducts, ovarian follicles, salivary gland ducts
  • function: barrier, passageway
  • need to be able to release secretory product w/o losing it all completely
A

stratified cuboidal/columnar

21
Q

Epithelial decision tree (study guide):

A
22
Q
  • type of membrane
  • epithelial tissue that secretes mucus
  • lines many body cavities and tubular organs, including the gut and respiratory passages
A

mucous membrane

23
Q
  • type of membrane
  • epithelial tissue that lines internal body cavities
  • forms a smooth, transparent, two-layered membrane
  • lubricated by fluid derived from serum to reduce friction
  • includes peritoneum, pericardium, and pleura
  • mesothelium: simple squamous epithelium that comprises part of a _____ _______
A

serous membrane

24
Q
  • Epithelial cells may produce & secrete a product as individual cells or as specialized organs, _____
  • Glands are classified as ______ or _______ according to how their products are released
  • Classified by arrangement & shape of secretory cells & ductal elements
  • Signals released via _______ or _______ signaling
A
  • glands
  • exocrine, endocrine
  • paracrine, autocrine
25
Q
  • type of gland
  • single, secretory cells distributed among non-secretory cells
  • globlet cell: mucus-secreting cell lining the intestines and respiratory tract
A

unicellular glands

26
Q
  • type of gland
  • multicellular glands comprised of secretory cells grouped as an acinus (means grape)
  • product is secreted into a system of ducts for release
  • paranchyma (secretory cells): functional tissue of an organ (not the CT and other supporting tissues)
  • stroma: connective tissue support of secretory units; septa partition the gland into separate lobules; may enclose entire gland as a capsule
A

exocrine glands

(secretions produced in secretory portions (acinus) and released in conducting portions (duct))

27
Q
  • type of exocrine gland
  • secretion is delivered in membrane-bound vesicles to apical surface and undergo exocytosis
A

merocrine

28
Q
  • type of exocrine gland
  • secretion accumulates within a cell leading to apoptosis
  • secretion and cell debris are released
A

holocrine

29
Q
  • type of gland
  • release of the apical portion of the cell, surrounded by cytoplasm within a plasma membrane
  • example: mammilary glands
A

apocrine

30
Q

Name these glands:

A

(from left to right)

  • simple tubular
  • simple coiled tubular
  • simple branched tubular
  • simple acinar
  • simple branched acinar
31
Q

Name these glands:

A

(from left to right)

  • compound tubular
  • compound acinar (salivary gland)
  • compound tubuloacinar (salivary gland)
32
Q

Tissue type table: (study guide)

A

MSK (33 decks)

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