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BMSC Regional Gross Anatomy 1 > Posterior forearm and dorsum of the hand > Flashcards

Posterior forearm and dorsum of the hand Flashcards

1
Q

what is the origin and insertion of anconeus

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus to olecranon of ulna

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2
Q

what is the function of anconeus

A

extension of elbow

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3
Q

what is the nerve supply of anconeus

A

radial nerve (C7-C8 (T1))

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4
Q

is anconeus part of the posterior compartment of the arm

A

may be considered as part of posterior compartment of forearm but lies on posterior surface of elbow

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5
Q

is brachioradialis part of the posterior compartment of the forearm

A

may be considered as part of the posterior compartment of the forearm but lies on lateral surface of the forearm

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6
Q

what is the origin and insertion of brachioradialis

A

distal humerus (supra-epicondylar ridge) to radius proximal to styloid process

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7
Q

what is the function of brachioradialis

A

flexion of elbow, especially when forearm is in the semi-prone position

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8
Q

what is the innervation of brachioradialis

A

radial nerve (C5,C6,C7) (before division into deep and superficial)

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9
Q

brachioradialis crosses the ____ surface of the elbow

A

anterior

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10
Q

anconeus crosses the ____ surface of the elbow

A

posterior

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11
Q

where is the common extensor origin

A

lateral epicondyle of the humerus

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12
Q

what is the function of the muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm

A

extensors of the digits and wrist and adductor of the thumb and supinator

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13
Q

what is the main nerve of the posterior compartment of the forearm

A

radial nerve

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14
Q

what is the origin and insertion of extensor carpi radialis longus

A

distal humerus (supra-epicondylar ridge) to base of 2nd metacarpal

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15
Q

what is the function of extensor carpi radialis longus

A

wrist extension and abduction

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16
Q

what is the innervation of extensor carpi radialis longus

A

radial nerve (C6,C7) pre-division

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17
Q

what is the origin and insertion of extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus to base of 3rd metacarpal

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18
Q

what is the function of extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

wrist extension and abduction

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19
Q

what is the innervation of extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

radial nerve (C7,C8) posterior interosseous branch

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20
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis act with what muscle to abduct the wrist

A

flexor carpi radialis

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21
Q

the radial nerve divides to give what

A

superficial sensory branch and a deeper motor branch

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22
Q

what are the muscles supplied by the radial nerve before it divides

A

triceps brachii
anconeus
brachioradialis
extensor carpi radialis longus

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23
Q

what is the origin and insertion of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus (small slip from ulna) to base of 5th metacarpal

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24
Q

what is the function of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

wrist extension and adduction

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25
Q

what is the innervation of extensor carpi ulnaris

A

radial nerve (posterior interosseous) (C7, C8)

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26
Q

extensor carpi ulnaris acts with what muscle to adduct the wrist

A

flexor carpi ulnaris

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27
Q

what is the origin and insertion of extensor digitorum

A

lateral epicondyle of humerus to dorsal expansion of digits 2-5 (not thumb)

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28
Q

what is the function of extensor digitorum

A

extension of principally MCP but also PIP and DIP of digits 2-5
extends wrist

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29
Q

what is the innervation of extensor digitorum

A

radial nerve (posterior interosseous) (C7, C8)

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30
Q

as it nears the wrist extensor digitorum forms what

A

4 tendons - one for each finger

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31
Q

what holds the tendons of extensor digitorum against the distal forearm

A

extensor retinaculum

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32
Q

what is the origin and insertion of extensor digiti minimi

A

lateral epicondyle of the humerus to dorsal expansion of 5th digit

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33
Q

what is the function of extensor digiti minimi

A

MCP PIP DIP extension of little finger

wrist extension

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34
Q

what is the innervation of extensor digiti minimi

A

radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch) (C7, C8)

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35
Q

why do we have an extra extensor for the little finger

A

support medial side of the hand against a surface when performing precision movements with the thumb and index finger e.g. writing

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36
Q

what is the origin and insertion of extensor indicis

A

posterior surface of ulna (and interosseous membrane) to dorsal expansion of digit 2 (index finger)

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37
Q

what is the function of extensor indicis

A

MCP PIP DIP extension of index finger

wrist extension

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38
Q

what is the innervation of extensor indicis

A

radial nerve (posterior interosseous branch) (C7,C8)

39
Q

extensor indicis is deep/superficial

A

deep

40
Q

why do we have an extra extensor for the index finger

A

used in conjunction with the thumb for fine precision movements

41
Q

what 2 fingers have extra extensors since there is only one extensor for the digits

A

index and little finger

42
Q

what is the origin and insertion of extensor pollicis longus

A

ulna and interosseous membrane to base of distal phalanx of thumb

43
Q

what is the functino of extensor pollicis longus

A

CMC, MCP, IP extension of thumb

extends wrist

44
Q

what is the innervation of extensor pollicis longus

A

radial nerve (posterior interosseous) (C7, C8)

45
Q

what plane does extension of the thumb occur in

A

same plane as palm with thumb moving away from the palm

46
Q

what is the origin and insertion of extensor pollicis brevis

A

radius and interosseous membrane to base of proximal phalanx of thumb

47
Q

what is the function of extensor pollicis brevis

A

CMC and MCP thumb joint extension

extends wrist

48
Q

what is the innervation of extensor pollicis brevis

A

radial nerve (posterior interosseous) (C7,C8)

49
Q

extensor pollicis brevis and longus both contribute to the borders or what

A

anatomical snuffbox

50
Q

what is the origin and insertion of abductor pollicis longus

A

radius, interosseous membrane and ulna to base of 1st metacarpal

51
Q

what is the function of abductor pollicis longus

A

abducts thumb and extends it at CMC joint

extends wrist

52
Q

what is the innervation of abductor pollicis longus

A

radial nerve (posterior interosseous) (C7,C8)

53
Q

the thumb is abducted in what plane

A

away from the plane of the palm

54
Q

where is the smaller abductor of the thumb

A

in the thenar eminence

55
Q

what muscles does the thumb have and why

A

2 flexors
2 extensors
2 abductors
1 adductor

  • important role in creating different types of grip
56
Q

what is the origin and insertion of supinator

A

crest of ulna, lateral epicondyle of humerus, radial collateral and annular ligament of radius to lateral radius (proximal 3rd)

57
Q

what is the function of supinator

A

supination of forearm (rotates radius)

58
Q

what is the innervation of supinator

A

radial nerve (deep/posterior interosseous) (C7,C8)

59
Q

what is the deepest muscle in the posterior compartment of the forearm

A

supinator

60
Q

what is the most powerful muscle for supination

A

biceps brachii

61
Q

what nerves contribute to supination

A

musculocutaneous - biceps brachii

radial - supinator

62
Q

the radial nerve passes between the lamina of what

A

supinator

63
Q

describe the path of the deep branch of the radial nerve

A

emerges from supinator to form the posterior interosseous nerve that runs with posterior interosseous artery

64
Q

describe the path of the superficial branch of the radial nerve

A

overlies part of brachioradialis before running through the roof of the anatomical snuffbox to supply skin of dorsum of hand

65
Q

the flexor compartment is dominated by the ___ nerve and also contains the ____ nerve

A

median

ulnar

66
Q

muscles of the extensor compartment are supplied by what

A

radial nerve

67
Q

sensory to lateral side of dorsum of hand is supplied by what

A

superficial branch of radial nerve

68
Q

the radial artery is a terminal branch of what

A

brachial artery

69
Q

describe the path of the radial artery

A

supplies structures in the forearm, runs in the floor of the anatomical snuffbox and passes between the heads of adductor pollicis to enter the hand

70
Q

what does the radial artery contribute in the hand

A

forms most of the deep palmar arch but will also anastomose with the ulnar artery as part of the deep and superficial arches

71
Q

most of the muscles in the posterior compartment are supplied by the … except …

A

deep interosseous branch of the radial nerve except carpi radialis longus

72
Q

the deep artery of the posterior compartment is the … which is a branch of the …. which is derived from the …

A

posterior interosseous artery which is a branch of the common interosseous artery which is dervied from the ulnar artery

73
Q

does the dorsum of the hand have muscles

A

no - the dorsal interossei lie between the bones

74
Q

the dorsum has a layer of skin and subcutaneous fat that contains

A

a dorsal venous arch and cutaneous nerves

75
Q

how are the extensor tendons held to the wrist

A

extensor retinaculum

76
Q

how are the extensor tendons protected during movement of the tendon

A

each tendon is inside a small synovial sheath

77
Q

the roof of the anatomical snuffbox contains what

A

branches of the superficial branch of the radial nerve and cephalic vein

78
Q

what forms the floor of the anatomical snuffbox

A

scaphoid, trapezium and base of 1st metacarpal

79
Q

what is the medial border of the anatomical snuffbox

A

tendon of extensor pollicis longus

80
Q

what is the lateral border of the anatomical snuffbox

A

tendons of extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus

81
Q

why is the anatomical snuffbox an area of interest

A

the radial artery runs across the bones of the floor and can be palpated as a pulse point

82
Q

the dorsal venous arch is a communication between

A

cephalic vein (lateral side) and basilic vein (medial side)

83
Q

is the dorsal venous arch always an arch

A

no - variation in vein patterns

84
Q

what lies superficially in the roof of the snuffbox

A

cephalic vein and radial nerve

85
Q

what lies deep in the floor of the anatomical snuffbox between the tendons

A

radial artery

86
Q

what are the flexor and extensor retinacula

A

fascia that hold down tendons

87
Q

what is the dorsal expansion

A

formed from connective tissue that allows the long flexors and short muscles of the hand to act on all 3 finger joints

88
Q

the dorsal expansion provides attachment for what

A

some of the intrinsic muscles of the hand that attach to the digits e.g. the lumbricals

89
Q

describe what the lumbricals do

A

they cross the anterior surface of the MCP joint so can flex it but because their tendon joins the expansion that wraps around the dorsum of the finger they can exert pull on the posterior surface of the PIP joint and can extend it

90
Q

what order do the tendons cross the dorsum of the hand

lateral to medial

A
  • abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
  • extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
  • extensor pollicis longus
  • extensor indicis and extensor digitorum
  • extensor digiti minimi
  • extensor carpi ulnaris
91
Q

on the dorsum of the wrist what tendon crosses most medially

A

Extensor carpi ulnaris

92
Q

on the dorsum of the wrist what tendon crosses most laterally

A

abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis

93
Q

on the dorsum of the wrist what tendon shares a synovial sheath with extensor digitorum

A

extensor indicis

94
Q

on the dorsum of the wrist what tendon shares a synovial sheath with abductor pollicis longus

A

extensor pollicis brevis

BMSC Regional Gross Anatomy 1 (30 decks)

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