Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

Nerve root of axillary nerve

Answer 1

C5 C6

Question 2

what do somatic nerves carry

Answer 2

motor fibres to skeletal muscle and sensory from skin

Question 3

what does the axillary nerve supply efferent motor innervation to

Answer 3

deltoid muscle and teres minor

Question 4

where does the axillary nerve carry sensory information from

Answer 4

skin on upper lateral surface of arm (badge patch)

Question 5

what does each spinal nerve divide into

Answer 5

dorsal (posterior) ramus and a larger ventral (anterior) ramus

Question 6

what does the dorsal/posterior ramus supply

Answer 6

posterior body wall

Question 7

what does the ventral/anterior ramus supply

Answer 7

anterolateral body wall and limbs

Question 8

do somatic nerves supply cardiac or smooth muscle or carry sensory innervation to internal structures of the body

Answer 8

no

Question 9

what is the fusion of the sympathetic chain at the coccyx called

Answer 9

ganglion impar

Question 10

sympathetic outflow is from where

Answer 10

thoracolumbar

T1-L2/3

Question 11

what 2 locations can post-synaptic neurons of the sympathetic system be found

Answer 11

paravertebral ganglia

pre-vertebral ganglia

Question 12

how far does the sympathetic chain extend

Answer 12

length of the column

Question 13

where is the prevertebral ganglia

Answer 13

anterior to the vertebral column

Question 14

how do presynaptic sympathetic nerve fibres pass from the spinal nerve to the sympathetic chain

Answer 14

white rami communicantes

Question 15

are white rami communicantes myelinated

Answer 15

yes

Question 16

where are WRC found

Answer 16

only at T1-L1/2

Question 17

where are GRC found

Answer 17

at all 31 spinal nerves

Question 18

what is a GRC

Answer 18

pathway by which postsynaptic sympathetic fibres leave the sympathetic chain to reenter spinal nerves

Question 19

what are the 4 pathways presynaptic sympathetic nerve fibres can take in the sympathetic trunk

Answer 19

1) ascend and then synapse
2) synapse at level of entry
3) descend and then synapse
4) pass through without synapsing to enter abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 20

why would a pre-synaptic sympathetic nerve fibre ascend then synapse

Answer 20

innervation of head
cervical cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves
spinal nerves to neck, upper trunk and upper limb

Question 21

why would a pre-synaptic sympathetic nerve fibre synapse at level of entry

Answer 21

innervation of thoracic viscera and body wall

• thoracic cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves
• spinal nerves to middle trunk

Question 22

why would a pre-synaptic sympathetic nerve fibre descend then synapse

Answer 22

spinal nerves to lower trunk and lower limb

Question 23

why would a pre-synaptic sympathetic nerve fibre pass through the chain without synapsing to enter abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

Answer 23

innervation of abdominopelvic viscera

Question 24

what do post synaptic sympathetic fibres from the pre-vertebral ganglia form

Answer 24

periarterial plexuses which follow branches of abdominal aorta to reach destination

Question 25

parasympathetic outflow

Answer 25

craniosacral | CN 3 7 9 10 (III, VII, IX and X) and S2-4

Question 26

CN III provides motor fibres to where | and parasympathetic fibres to where

Answer 26

motor - extra-ocular muscles | PS - ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae

Question 27

CN III parasympathetic innervation of the ciliary muscles in the eye does what

Answer 27

accommodation - causes lens to thicken to see closer in

Question 28

CN III parasympathetic supply of sphincter pupillae does what

Answer 28

constricts pupil

Question 29

CN VII provides parasympathetic innervation to where

Answer 29

lacrimal, submandibular and sublingual glands

Question 30

CN VII provides motor innervation to where

Answer 30

muscles of facial expression

Question 31

what branch of CN VII provides parasympathetic innervation to the submandibular gland

Answer 31

chorda tympani

Question 32

what are the 5 branches of the facial nerve in the face

Answer 32

``` temporal zygomatic buccal marginal cervical ```

Question 33

what does CN IX provide parasympathetic secretomotor supply to

Answer 33

parotid salivary gland

Question 34

where does CN X provide parasympathetic sensory and motor supply to

Answer 34

smooth muscle of organs of thorax, abdomen and up to left colic flexure in abdomen (foregut and midgut)

Question 35

S2,3,4 supply parasympathetic innervation to where in the gut

Answer 35

descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum

Question 36

s2 3 and 4 form what

Answer 36

pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 37

pelvic splanchnic nerves supply what

Answer 37

organs of the pelvis

Question 38

are there any parasympathetic nerves to the body wall

Answer 38

no - except erectile tissue of genitalia

Question 39

parasympathetic nerves tend to have ____ presynaptic fibres and _____ postsynaptic fibres

Answer 39

long presynaptic | short postsynaptic

Question 40

sympathetic nerves tend to have ___ presynaptic fibres and ___ postsynaptic fibres

Answer 40

short presynaptic | long postsynaptic

Question 41

are parasympathetic fibres part of spinal nerves

Answer 41

no except s234

Question 42

where are parasympathetic post synaptic cell bodies located

Answer 42

in or on wall of target organ

Question 43

visceral parasympathetic sensory supply mostly from

Answer 43

CN IX CN X S2-4

Question 44

what nerve provides parasympathetic innervation of chemoreceptor and baroreceptors in neck arteries and receptors in pharynx

Answer 44

CN IX

Question 45

what nerve provides parasympathetic innervation of cervical viscera and vessels and viscera in thorax and abdomen

Answer 45

CN X

Question 46

visceral sensory from pelvic viscera and distal colon carried in

Answer 46

S234

Question 47

parasympathetic sensory component does what

Answer 47

monitors normal physiological processes and reflex activities

Question 48

what cranial nerve gives fibres to the pterygopalatine ganglion and submandibular ganglion

Answer 48

CN VII

Question 49

what cranial nerve gives fibres to the otic ganglion

Answer 49

CN IX

Question 50

what does sympathetic stimulation do to blood vessels

Answer 50

constriction

Question 51

what is referred pain

Answer 51

when body interprets visceral pain as somatic pain i.e. from body wall of spinal segment rather than organ

Question 52

pain in the somatic system is highly

Answer 52

localised

Question 53

describe the feeling of appendicitis

Answer 53

patient feels a diffuse pain around umbilicus (T10) then moves to RLQ as appendix starts to irritate body wall

Question 54

sympathetic stimulation of heart

Answer 54

increases rate and strength of contraction | dilate coronary vessels

Question 55

parasympathetic stimulation of heart

Answer 55

decreases rate and strength of contraction | constricts coronary vessels in relation to reduced demand