Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
Nerve root of axillary nerve
C5 C6
what do somatic nerves carry
motor fibres to skeletal muscle and sensory from skin
what does the axillary nerve supply efferent motor innervation to
deltoid muscle and teres minor
where does the axillary nerve carry sensory information from
skin on upper lateral surface of arm (badge patch)
what does each spinal nerve divide into
dorsal (posterior) ramus and a larger ventral (anterior) ramus
what does the dorsal/posterior ramus supply
posterior body wall
what does the ventral/anterior ramus supply
anterolateral body wall and limbs
do somatic nerves supply cardiac or smooth muscle or carry sensory innervation to internal structures of the body
no
what is the fusion of the sympathetic chain at the coccyx called
ganglion impar
sympathetic outflow is from where
thoracolumbar
T1-L2/3
what 2 locations can post-synaptic neurons of the sympathetic system be found
paravertebral ganglia
pre-vertebral ganglia
how far does the sympathetic chain extend
length of the column
where is the prevertebral ganglia
anterior to the vertebral column
how do presynaptic sympathetic nerve fibres pass from the spinal nerve to the sympathetic chain
white rami communicantes
are white rami communicantes myelinated
yes
where are WRC found
only at T1-L1/2
where are GRC found
at all 31 spinal nerves
what is a GRC
pathway by which postsynaptic sympathetic fibres leave the sympathetic chain to reenter spinal nerves
what are the 4 pathways presynaptic sympathetic nerve fibres can take in the sympathetic trunk
1) ascend and then synapse
2) synapse at level of entry
3) descend and then synapse
4) pass through without synapsing to enter abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
why would a pre-synaptic sympathetic nerve fibre ascend then synapse
innervation of head
cervical cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves
spinal nerves to neck, upper trunk and upper limb
why would a pre-synaptic sympathetic nerve fibre synapse at level of entry
innervation of thoracic viscera and body wall
- thoracic cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves
- spinal nerves to middle trunk
why would a pre-synaptic sympathetic nerve fibre descend then synapse
spinal nerves to lower trunk and lower limb
why would a pre-synaptic sympathetic nerve fibre pass through the chain without synapsing to enter abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
innervation of abdominopelvic viscera
what do post synaptic sympathetic fibres from the pre-vertebral ganglia form
periarterial plexuses which follow branches of abdominal aorta to reach destination
parasympathetic outflow
craniosacral
CN 3 7 9 10 (III, VII, IX and X) and S2-4
CN III provides motor fibres to where
and parasympathetic fibres to where
motor - extra-ocular muscles
PS - ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae
CN III parasympathetic innervation of the ciliary muscles in the eye does what
accommodation - causes lens to thicken to see closer in
CN III parasympathetic supply of sphincter pupillae does what
constricts pupil
CN VII provides parasympathetic innervation to where
lacrimal, submandibular and sublingual glands
CN VII provides motor innervation to where
muscles of facial expression
what branch of CN VII provides parasympathetic innervation to the submandibular gland
chorda tympani
what are the 5 branches of the facial nerve in the face
temporal zygomatic buccal marginal cervical
what does CN IX provide parasympathetic secretomotor supply to
parotid salivary gland
where does CN X provide parasympathetic sensory and motor supply to
smooth muscle of organs of thorax, abdomen and up to left colic flexure in abdomen (foregut and midgut)
S2,3,4 supply parasympathetic innervation to where in the gut
descending colon, sigmoid colon and rectum
s2 3 and 4 form what
pelvic splanchnic nerves
pelvic splanchnic nerves supply what
organs of the pelvis
are there any parasympathetic nerves to the body wall
no - except erectile tissue of genitalia
parasympathetic nerves tend to have ____ presynaptic fibres and _____ postsynaptic fibres
long presynaptic
short postsynaptic
sympathetic nerves tend to have ___ presynaptic fibres and ___ postsynaptic fibres
short presynaptic
long postsynaptic
are parasympathetic fibres part of spinal nerves
no except s234
where are parasympathetic post synaptic cell bodies located
in or on wall of target organ
visceral parasympathetic sensory supply mostly from
CN IX
CN X
S2-4
what nerve provides parasympathetic innervation of chemoreceptor and baroreceptors in neck arteries and receptors in pharynx
CN IX
what nerve provides parasympathetic innervation of cervical viscera and vessels and viscera in thorax and abdomen
CN X
visceral sensory from pelvic viscera and distal colon carried in
S234
parasympathetic sensory component does what
monitors normal physiological processes and reflex activities
what cranial nerve gives fibres to the pterygopalatine ganglion and submandibular ganglion
CN VII
what cranial nerve gives fibres to the otic ganglion
CN IX
what does sympathetic stimulation do to blood vessels
constriction
what is referred pain
when body interprets visceral pain as somatic pain i.e. from body wall of spinal segment rather than organ
pain in the somatic system is highly
localised
describe the feeling of appendicitis
patient feels a diffuse pain around umbilicus (T10) then moves to RLQ as appendix starts to irritate body wall
sympathetic stimulation of heart
increases rate and strength of contraction
dilate coronary vessels
parasympathetic stimulation of heart
decreases rate and strength of contraction
constricts coronary vessels in relation to reduced demand
