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BMSC Regional Gross Anatomy 1 > Hindgut > Flashcards

Hindgut Flashcards

1
Q

what is meant by the hindgut

A 
distal 1/3 transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum
anal canal
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2
Q

what is the blood supply of the hindgut

A

branches of the inferior mesenteric artery (aorta L3)

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3
Q

where does the descending colon span

A

from left colic flexure (splenic flexure) to pelvic brim where it becomes sigmoid colon

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4
Q

the descending colon is ____peritoneal

A

retroperitoneal

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5
Q

what is the arterial supply of the descending colon

A

left colic and sigmoidal branches of inferior mesenteric artery

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6
Q

venous drainage of descending colon is to

A

inferior mesenteric vein

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7
Q

lymph from descending colon drains where

A

local nodes then inferior mesenteric pre-aortic nodes (L3)

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8
Q

nerves of descending colon from

A

inferior mesenteric plexus and parasympathetic from pelvic splanchnic nerves

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9
Q

relations of descending colon

A 
small intestine
greater omentum
left kidney
quadratus lumborum
psoas
femoral and iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
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10
Q

does the sigmoid colon have a mesentery

A

yes, attached to posterior pelvic wall by pelvic mesocolon

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11
Q

where does the sigmoid colon span

A

from descending colon infront of left external iliac artery to 3rd sacral vertebra where it becomes the rectum

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12
Q

relations of sigmoid colon

A

bladder (males)
uterus and vagina (females)
rectum
sacrum

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13
Q

arterial supply of the sigmoid colon

A

sigmoid branches of inferior mesenteric artery

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14
Q

venous drainage of sigmoid colon

A

veins to inferior mesenteric vein

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15
Q

lymph drainage of sigmoid colon

A

to inferior mesenteric nodes at aorta (L3)

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16
Q

ANS of sigmoid colon from

A

inferior hypogastric plexus in pelvis

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17
Q

what does the rectum pass between

A

sigmoid colon at the sacrum (3rd sacral vertebra) to 2cm infront of tip of coccyx where it pierces pelvic floor and becomes the anal canal

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18
Q

blood supply of rectum

A
  • superior rectal artery from inferior mesenteric artery
  • middle rectal artery from internal iliac artery
  • inferior rectal artery from internal pudendal
19
Q

the superior rectal artery is a branch of what

A

inferior mesenteric

20
Q

the middle rectal artery is a branch of what

A

internal iliac artery

21
Q

inferior rectal artery is a branch of what

A

internal pudendal

22
Q

the internal pudendal artery is a terminal branch of what

A

internal iliac artery

23
Q

describe the venous drainage of the rectum

A

superior part to portal system via inferior mesenteric vein

middle and inferior veins to internal iliac and internal pudendal

24
Q

how is the venous drainage of the rectum described

A

portal - systemic anastomosis: the superior part of the rectum drains to the IMV which goes to portal system whereas the middle and inferior parts drain to local veins in pelvis which will drain to common iliac veins and then IVC so are systemic

25
Q

lymph drainage of rectum

A

superior parts to pre-aortic nodes at L3

distal parts to internal iliac nodes in pelvis

26
Q

nerves of rectum

A

inferior hypogastric plexus

27
Q

length of descending colon

A

25cm

28
Q

length of sigmoid colon

A

25-38cm

29
Q

length of rectum

A

13cm

30
Q

arterial supply: foregut

A

coeliac axis

31
Q

arterial supply: midgut

A

superior mesenteric artery

32
Q

arterial supply: hindgut

A

inferior mesenteric artery

33
Q

lymph drainage: foregut

A

pre-aortic at T12

34
Q

lymph drainage: midgut

A

pre-aortic at L1

35
Q

lymph drainage: hindgut

A

pre-aortic at L3

36
Q

pain: foregut

A

epigastric

37
Q

pain: midgut

A

umbilical

38
Q

pain: hindgut

A

supra-pubic

39
Q

what areas have dual blood supply/dual venous drainage

A

transition areas

40
Q

what is the blood supply of the duodenum

A 
proximal = foregut (coeliac axis)
distal = midgut (superior mesenteric)
41
Q

what is the blood supply of the transverse colon

A

proximal 2/3 = midgut (superior mesenteric)

distal 1/3 = hindgut (inferior mesenteric)

42
Q

what is the venous drainage of the rectum

A

upper part = hindgut (inferior mesenteric + portal system)
lower part = pelvic (internal iliac and systemic)
- portal systemic anastomosis

43
Q

what is the transition point between parasympathetic supply from vagus and pelvic splanchnic nerves

A

transverse colon

BMSC Regional Gross Anatomy 1 (30 decks)

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