Axilla

Question 1

what fascia encloses subclavius and pec minor

Answer 1

clavipectoral fascia

Question 2

where does the clavipectoral fascia pass from

Answer 2

clavicle to blend with fascia in floor of axilla

Question 3

what 3 structures pierce the clavipectoral fascia

Answer 3

cephalic vein
thoracoacromial artery
lateral pectoral nerve

Question 4

when does the cephalic vein pierce the clavipectoral fascia

Answer 4

as it enters the axilla to join the axillary vein

Question 5

when does the thoracoacromial artery pierce the clavipectoral fascia

Answer 5

as it leaves the axilla to supply the body wall

Question 6

when does the lateral pectoral nerve pierce the clavipectoral fascia

Answer 6

as it leaves axilla to supply pec major with motor innervation

Question 7

axilla: anterior boundaries

Answer 7

pectoral muscles, subclavius and fascia

Question 8

axilla: floor

Answer 8

skin that extends into arm

Question 9

axilla: roof

Answer 9

bony structures of the clavicle, scapula and 1st rib

Question 10

axilla: posterior wall

Answer 10

subscapularis
teres major
lat. dorsi
long head of triceps brachii

Question 11

axilla: lateral wall

Answer 11

humerus

Question 12

axilla: medial wall

Answer 12

serratus anterior and wall of thorax

Question 13

what is contained in the axilla

Answer 13

vessels, nerves, lymphatics for upper limb/mammary tissue
adipose tissue
short head of biceps and coracobrachialis

Question 14

what forms the axillary vein

Answer 14

mainly formed from basilic vein

Question 15

what does the basilic vein drain

Answer 15

postero-medial superficial tissues of forearm and hand before passing into arm and receiving blood from brachial veins

Question 16

when does the basilic vein become the axillary vein

Answer 16

once it crosses the inferior margin of teres major

Question 17

what joins the axillary vein after basilic vein crosses the inferior margin of teres major

Answer 17

final branches of the brachial veins

Question 18

what does the cephalic vein drain

Answer 18

superficial tissues of the lateral side of the forearm and hand

Question 19

the cephalic vein runs through what to reach where

Answer 19

runs through the deltopectoral groove, pierces the clavipectoral fascia to reach the axilla

Question 20

once the cephalic vein has pierced the clavipectoral fascia and reached the axilla what does it drain into

Answer 20

axillary vein

Question 21

what is the course of the axillary vein

Answer 21

passes out of the axilla at the lateral border of the first rib to become the subclavian vein

Question 22

the axillary vein is ____ to the axillary artery in the axilla

Answer 22

anterior

Question 23

the axillary artery sits ____ to the axillary vein

Answer 23

inferior

Question 24

where does the axillary artery begin

Answer 24

subclavian artery becomes the axillary artery as it crosses the lateral border of the first rib

Question 25

what is the course of the axillary artery

Answer 25

passes through the axilla and exits as it passes over the inferior border of teres major to become brachial artery in arm

Question 26

the axillary artery is divided into _ parts

Answer 26

3

Question 27

the parts of the axillary artery are named according to what

Answer 27

to position relative to pec minor

Question 28

the first part of the axillary artery lies

Answer 28

proximal (medial) to pec minor

Question 29

the first part of the axillary artery has how many branches

Answer 29

one branch - the superior thoracic artery

Question 30

the second part of the axillary artery lies

Answer 30

posterior to pec minor

Question 31

the second part of the axillary artery has how many branches

Answer 31

2 - the thoracoacromial and lateral thoracic arteries

Question 32

the third part of the axillary artery lies

Answer 32

distal (lateral) to pec minor

Question 33

the third part of the axillary artery has how many branches

Answer 33

3 - subscapular artery and anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries

Question 34

the branches of the third part of the axillary artery supply what

Answer 34

muscles on anterior body wall, humerus and form anastomoses around scapula with branches of subclavian artery

Question 35

why is there an anastomosis of the axillary artery

Answer 35

compensate for any brief occlusion of the axillary artery caused by movements of the upper limb

Question 36

axillary nodes drain what

Answer 36

upper limb lateral breast upper back and shoulder lower neck

Question 37

what are the 5 groups of nodes in the axilla

Answer 37

``` humeral pectoral subscapular central apical ```

Question 38

where are the humeral nodes found

Answer 38

posterior to axillary vein

Question 39

the humeral nodes drain what

Answer 39

upper limb

Question 40

where are the pectoral nodes found

Answer 40

inferior margin of pec minor

Question 41

what do the pectoral nodes drain

Answer 41

thorax and mammary tissue

Question 42

where are the subscapular nodes

Answer 42

posterior axillary wall

Question 43

what do the subscapular nodes drain

Answer 43

back, shoulder, neck

Question 44

where are the central nodes of the axilla found

Answer 44

axillary fat

Question 45

what do the central nodes drain

Answer 45

communicate with other nodes

Question 46

where are the apical nodes

Answer 46

superior margin of pec minor (apex of axilla)

Question 47

what do apical nodes drain

Answer 47

other nodes and mammary tissue

Question 48

lymph drains from local nodes to

Answer 48

central nodes in axilla before draining to apical nodes in apex

Question 49

how many axillary nodes are there

Answer 49

20-30 (5 groups)

Question 50

lymph from the lateral breast drains where

Answer 50

axillary nodes

Question 51

why does lymph from lateral breast drain into the axilla

Answer 51

presence of tail of breast tissue that passes along thoracic wall towards axilla

Question 52

lymph from medial breast drains where

Answer 52

internal thoracic nodes