Posterior Abdominal Wall Blood Vessels Flashcards
Abdominal Aorta
• Begins at the —— hiatus of the diaphragm as a midline structure at approximately the lower level of T— vertebra.
• Passes downward on the anterior surface of the bodies of L— -L— vertebrae, ending just to which side of the midline at the lower level of L— vertebra.
• Divides into the —— and ——arteries.
• Covered on the anterior surface by the ———
Abdominal Aorta
• Begins at the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm as a midline structure at approximately the lower level of T12 vertebra.
• Passes downward on the anterior surface of the bodies of L1-L4 vertebrae, ending just to the left of midline at the lower level of L4 vertebra.
• Divides into the right and left common iliac arteries.
• Covered on the anterior surface by the prevertebral plexus of nerves and ganglia
Abdominal Aorta: relations
• Anteriorly: ———
• Posteriorly: ———
• Right side: ———
• Left side: ———
Abdominal Aorta: relations
• Anteriorly: The pancreas and splenic vein, the left renal vein, and the third part of the duodenum
• Posteriorly: Several lumbar veins passing to the inferior vena cava
• Right side: The cisterna chyli, thoracic duct, azygos vein, right crus of the diaphragm, and the inferior vena cava
• Left side: The left crus of the diaphragm
Abdominal Aorta: Branches • Broadly divided into:
o ——— branches supplying organs (paired and unpaired)
o ——— branches supplying the diaphragm or body wall
o ——- branches
Abdominal Aorta: Branches • Broadly divided into:
o Visceral branches supplying organs (paired and unpaired)
o Posterior branches supplying the diaphragm or body wall
o Terminal branches
Abdominal Aorta: Branches • Unpaired Vessels
o Three in number:
i.
ii.
iii.
Abdominal Aorta: Branches • Unpaired Vessels
o Three in number:
i. The celiac trunk, which supplies the foregut
ii. The superior mesenteric artery, which supplies the midgut
iii. the inferior mesenteric artery, which supplies the hindgut
Abdominal Aorta: Branches • Paired Vessels
o Also three in number:
i.
ii.
iii.
Abdominal Aorta: Branches • Paired Vessels
o Also three in number:
i. Middle suprarenal arteries-small, lateral branches of the abdominal aorta arising just above the renal arteries that are part of the multiple vascular supply to the suprarenal gland
ii. Renal arteries -Arise just inferior to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery between vertebrae LI and LII to supply the kidneys
iii. Testicular or ovarian arteries-anterior branches of the abdominal aorta that arise below the origin of the renal arteries at L2, and pass downward and laterally on the anterior surface of the psoas major muscle.
Abdominal Aorta: Branches • Paired Vessels
o Also three in number:
i. Middle suprarenal arteries-small, lateral branches of the abdominal aorta arising just above the —— arteries that are part of the multiple vascular supply to the suprarenal gland
ii. Renal arteries -Arise just inferior to the origin of the ——— artery between vertebrae L—and L— to supply the kidneys
iii. Testicular or ovarian arteries-anterior branches of the abdominal aorta that arise below the origin of the —— arteries at L—, and pass downward and laterally on the anterior surface of the —— muscle.
Abdominal Aorta: Branches • Paired Vessels
o Also three in number:
i. Middle suprarenal arteries-small, lateral branches of the abdominal aorta arising just above the renal arteries that are part of the multiple vascular supply to the suprarenal gland
ii. Renal arteries -Arise just inferior to the origin of the superior mesenteric artery between vertebrae LI and LII to supply the kidneys
iii. Testicular or ovarian arteries-anterior branches of the abdominal aorta that arise below the origin of the renal arteries at L2, and pass downward and laterally on the anterior surface of the psoas major muscle.
Abdominal Aorta: Branches
• Posterior Vessels
Also three in number:
i.
ii.
iii.
Abdominal Aorta: Branches
• Posterior Vessels
Also three in number:
i. Inferior phrenic arteries (L1): arise immediately inferior to the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm. Supplies the suprarenal glands and the diaphragm
ii.The lumbar arteries: Four in number. Equivalent to intercostal arteries in the chest
iii. Median sacral artery: Single vessel arising just superior to the bifurcation. Descends anterior to the sacrum in the midline
Abdominal Aorta: Branches
• Posterior Vessels
Also three in number:
i. Inferior phrenic arteries (L—): arise immediately inferior to the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm. Supplies the ——and the ——
ii.The lumbar arteries: how many in number. Equivalent to intercostal arteries in the chest
iii. Median sacral artery: Single vessel arising just superior to the ———. Descends anterior to the sacrum in the midline
Abdominal Aorta: Branches
• Posterior Vessels
Also three in number:
i. Inferior phrenic arteries (L1): arise immediately inferior to the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm. Supplies the suprarenal glands and the diaphragm
ii.The lumbar arteries: Four in number. Equivalent to intercostal arteries in the chest
iii. Median sacral artery: Single vessel arising just superior to the bifurcation. Descends anterior to the sacrum in the midline
Abdominal Aorta: Branches
• Bifurcation:
————and ———Arteries
Abdominal Aorta: Branches
• Bifurcation:
• Right and left Common Iliac Arteries
Inferior vena cava
• Drains blood from all structures below the ——— to the ———of the heart.
• Formed when the two common iliac veins come together at the level of the — lumbar vertebra just to the right of ——.
It ascends through the posterior abdominal region anterior to the ———immediately to the right of the ———and leaves the abdomen by piercing the ——— of the diaphragm at the level of the — thoracic vertebra.
Inferior vena cava
• Drains blood from all structures below the diaphragm to the right atrium of the heart.
• Formed when the two common iliac veins come th
•
together at the level of the 5 lumbar vertebra just to the right of midline.
It ascends through the posterior abdominal region anterior to the vertebral column immediately to the right of the abdominal aorta and leaves the abdomen by piercing the central
th tendon of the diaphragm at the level of the 8
thoracic vertebra.
Inferior vena cava
• Structures crossing the vein from below up:
Inferior vena cava
• Structures crossing the vein from below up:
i. Right common iliac artery
ii. The root of the mesentery
iii. Right testicular or ovarian artery
iv. 3rd part of the duodenum
v. The head of the pancreas
vi. The 1st part of the duodenum
vii. The bile duct
viii. The portal vein
ix. The liver which overlaps and on occasion completely surrounds the vena cava
Inferior vena cava: Tributaries
• From below up:
Inferior vena cava: Tributaries
• From below up:
i. The common iliac veins
ii. The lumbar veins
iii. The right testicular or ovarian vein
iv. The renal veins
v. The right suprarenal vein
vi. The inferior phrenic veins
vii. The hepatic veins
Why are there no tributaries from the abdominal part of the gastrointestinal tract, the spleen, the pancreas, or the gallbladder
• There are no tributaries from the abdominal part of the gastrointestinal tract, the spleen, the pancreas, or the gallbladder because veins from these structures are components of the portal venous system, which first passes through the liver.
Inferior vena cava: Tributaries
• The 5th lumbar vein generally drains into the ——— vein, a tributary of the common iliac vein
• The 3rd and 4th lumbar veins usually drain into the _____
• The 1st and 2nd lumbar veins may drain into the ———veins, which are long, anastomosing venous channels that connect the ———, ———, and —— veins with the —— and ——— veins of the thorax.
• If the inferior vena cava becomes blocked the ———veins become important collateral channels between the lower and upper parts of the body.
Inferior vena cava: Tributaries
• The 5th lumbar vein generally drains into the iliolumbar vein, a tributary of the common iliac vein
• The 3rd and 4th lumbar veins usually drain into the inferior vena cava
• The 1st and 2nd lumbar veins may drain into the ascending lumbar veins, which are long, anastomosing venous channels that connect the external iliac, iliolumbar, and lumbar veins with the azygos and hemiazygos veins of the thorax.
• If the inferior vena cava becomes blocked the ascending lumbar veins become important collateral channels between the lower and upper parts of the body.
