Kidney And Ureter Flashcards
Kidneys are —— brown in color
Lie (behind/in front of?) the peritoneum of the posterior abdominal wall
Are largely under cover of the ——
The — kidney lies slightly lower than the — due to ———
Kidneys are reddish brown in color
Lie behind the peritoneum of the posterior abdominal wall
It lie high up on either side of the vertebral column
Are largely under cover of the costal margin
The right kidney lies slightly lower than the left due to the large size of right lobe of the liver
With contraction of the diaphragm during respiration, both kidneys move downward in a vertical direction as much as — cm
On the medial border of each kidney is a vertical slit called the ——
The hilum extends into a large cavity called the ——
The hilum transmits what from the front backward
With contraction of the diaphragm during respiration, both kidneys move downward in a vertical direction as much as 2.5 cm
On the medial border of each kidney is a vertical slit called the hilum
The hilum extends into a large cavity called the renal sinus
The hilum transmits the renal vein, two branches of renal artery, ureter, and the third branch of renal artery from the front backward (V.A.U.A.)
The covering of the kidney consist of 4 layers:
Fibrous capsule
Peri renal fat
Renal fascia
Pararenal fat
Each kidney has a —— colour outer cortex and a ——- color inner medulla
Medulla is composed of about a dozen ———
Each kidney has a dark brown outer cortex and a light brown inner medulla
Medulla is composed of about a dozen renal pyramids
Each pyramid of the medulla having its —— directed laterally toward the cortex, and its ——, projecting medially
The cortex extends into the medulla between adjacent pyramids as the——-
The apex of the pyramid is called——
Each pyramid having its base directed laterally toward the cortex, and its apex, (the renal papilla), projecting medially
The cortex extends into the medulla between adjacent pyramids as the renal column
Renal papilla
Extending from the bases of the renal pyramids into the cortex are striations known as ———
The renal sinus within the hilum, contains the upper expanded end of the ureter,called the ———
Renal pelvis divides into two or three ——- calyces, which divides into two or three ——- calyces
Extending from the bases of the renal pyramids into the cortex are striations known as medullary rays
The renal sinus within the hilum, contains the upper expanded end of the ureter, the renal pelvis
Renal pelvis divides into two or three major calyces, which divides into two or three minor calyces
Anterior relations of:
RIGHT KIDNEY
LEFT KIDNEY
RIGHT KIDNEY
Suprarenal gland
Liver,
Second part of the duodenum,
Right colic flexure
Coils of small intestine
LEFT KIDNEY
Suprarenal gland,
Spleen,
Stomach, Pancreas (body), Left colic flexure,
Descending colon
Coils of jejunum
Posterior relations of the
Right kidney:
Left kidney:
RIGHT KIDNEY
Diaphragm,
Costodiaphragmatic recess of the pleura,
Twelfth rib & last intercostal space,
Psoas major
Quadratus lumborum, Transversus abdominis muscle Subcostal nerve (T12) Iliohypogastric nerve (L1) Ilioinguinal nerve (L1)
LEFT KIDNEY
Same as the right except it is higher it reaches up to the 11th rib.
BLOOD SUPPLY
The renal artery arises from the aorta at the level of the —— lumbar vertebra
Each renal artery divides into how many segmental arteries that enter the hilum of the kidney, how many infront and how many behind the renal pelvis
—— artery arise from each segmental artery, one for each renal pyramid
Each lobar artery gives two or three —— arteries
The interlobar arteries run toward the —— on each side of the renal pyramid
Interlobar arteries give the —— arteries at the junction of the cortex and medulla
The arcuate arteries give several —— arteries
—— glomerular arterioles arise as branches of interlobular arteries
BLOOD SUPPLY
The renal artery arises from the aorta at the level of the second lumbar vertebra
Each renal artery divides into five segmental arteries that enter the hilum of the kidney, four infront and one behind the renal pelvis
Lobar artery arise from each segmental artery, one for each renal pyramid
Each lobar artery gives two or three interlobar arteries
The interlobar arteries run toward the cortex on each side of the renal pyramid
Interlobar arteries give the arcuate arteries at the junction of the cortex and medulla
The arcuate arteries give several interlobular arteries
Afferent glomerular arterioles arise as branches of interlobular arteries
VEINS, LYMPH, NERVE SUPPLY
Renal vein emerges from the —— in (front/back?) of the renal artery and drains into the ——
—— renal vein is longer than the —— renal vein
——lymph nodes lie around the origin of the renal artery
Renal sympathetic plexus: afferent fibers that travel through the renal plexus enter the spinal cord in the —-th, —th, and —th thoracic nerves
Renal vein emerges from the hilum in front of the renal artery and drains into the IVC
Left renal vein is longer than the right renal vein
Lateral aortic lymph nodes lie around the origin of the renal artery
Renal sympathetic plexus: afferent fibers that travel through the renal plexus enter the spinal cord in the 10th, 11th, and 12th thoracic nerves
The two ureters are muscular tubes that extend from the ——— to the ——
The urine is propelled along the ureter by what type of contractions
Each ureter measures about —cm long
Each ureter has three constrictions along its course,
The two ureters are muscular tubes that extend from the kidneys to the posterior surface of the urinary bladder
The urine is propelled along the ureter by peristaltic contractions
Each ureter measures about 25 cm long
Each ureter has three constrictions along its course,
1- Where the renal pelvis joins the ureter,
2- As it crosses the pelvic brim,
3- Where it pierces the bladder wall ( intra-mural part)
URETER
The renal pelvis is the —— -shaped expanded upper end of the ureter
It lies within the hilum of the kidney and receives the———
It enters the pelvis by crossing the ——- in front of the ——- joint
It runs downward & forward on the lateral wall of the pelvis to enter the lateral angle of the ——
The renal pelvis is the funnel-shaped expanded upper end of the ureter
It lies within the hilum of the kidney and receives the major calyces
It enters the pelvis by crossing the bifurcation of the common iliac artery in front of the sacroiliac joint
It runs downward & forward on the lateral wall of the pelvis to enter the lateral angle of the bladder
Relations of the right ureter
Anterior:
Posterior:
Anterior:
Duodenum,
Terminal part of the ileum,
Right colic vessels,
Iliocolic vessels,
Right testicular or ovarian vessels, and the
Root of the mesentery.
Posterior:
Right psoas muscle,
Bifurcation of the right common iliac artery
Relations of the left ureter
Anterior:
Sigmoid colon,
Sigmoid mesocolon,
Left colic vessels,
Left testicular or ovarian vessels
Posterior:
Left psoas muscle,
Bifurcation of left common iliac artery
Blood supply of ureter
Upper end is supplied by the ———
Middle portion by——— artery
In the pelvis is supplied by the ——
The lymph drains to the —— nodes and the —— nodes
Upper end is supplied by the renal artery
Middle portion by (gonadal) testicular or ovarian artery
In the pelvis is supplied by the superior vesical artery
The lymph drains to the lateral aortic nodes and the iliac nodes
