Posterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

What is the description of fascia

A

A continuous layer of connective tissue between peritoneum and muscle

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2
Q

What forms the rectus sheath

A

The aponeuroses of the transverse abdominal and the internal and external oblique muscles

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3
Q

What is the arcuate line of the rectus sheath

A

Horizontal line demonstrating the lower limit of the posterior layer of the rectus sheath

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4
Q

Name the three paired muscles of the posterior abdominal wall

A
  1. Quadratus lumborum
  2. Iliacus
  3. Psoas major
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5
Q

Where does the quadratus lumborum muscle travel from, and to

A

The iliac crest to the 12th rib and the transverse processes of L1-L4

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6
Q

What is the innervation of the quadratus lumborum muscle

A

Anterior rami of T12-L4

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7
Q

What is the function of the quadratus lumborum muscle

A
One = Bends trunk to the same side
Both = Pressure, forced expiration and support for the 12th rib
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8
Q

Where does the iliacus muscle travel from, and to

A

The iliac fossa into the lesser trochanter of the femur (with the psoas; as the iliopsoas)

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9
Q

What is the innervation of the iliacus muscle

A

Femoral nerve

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10
Q

What is the functions of the iliacus muscle

A

Hip flexion

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11
Q

Where does the psoas major muscle travel from, and to

A

T12-L4 vertebrae (superficial) and L1-L5 vertebrae (deep) to the lesser trochanter of the femur (with the iliacus; as the iliopsoas)

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12
Q

What is the innervation of the psoas major muscle

A

Lumbar plexus direct branches L2-L4

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13
Q

What is the function of the psoas major muscle

A
One = Hip flexion and bends trunk laterally
Both = Raises trunk from supine position (during sit ups)
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14
Q

What is the psoas minor

A

A long tendon lying anterior to the psoas major muscle

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15
Q

Where does the thoracic aorta pierce the diaphragm

A

The aortic hiatus at T12, where it becomes the abdominal aorta

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16
Q

What are the common branches of the abdominal aorta

A
  1. Inferior phrenic to diaphragm
  2. Lumbar and median sacral to abdominal wall
  3. Abdominal viscera, kidneys, ovaries/testes
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17
Q

Where are the common iliacs formed

A

Abdominal aorta bifurcates at L4

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18
Q

Where is the IVC formed

A

At L5, where the common iliac veins unite

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19
Q

How does blood from the gut enter the IVC

A

Through the hepatic veins from the liver

20
Q

What lumbar veins tend to drain directly into the IVC

A

Lumbar veins 3 and 4

21
Q

Where does the 5th lumbar vein tend to drain into

A

The iliolumbar vein; and then into the common iliac vein

22
Q

Where does the ascending lumbar vein travel to

A

Travels superiorly where it communicates with the azygous and hemi-azygous veins

23
Q

What lumbar veins tend to drain into the ascending lumbar vein

A

Lumbar veins 1 and 2

24
Q

Where do the gonadal vessels branch from the abdominal aorta

A

At L2

25
Q

What is the innervation of the posterior abdominal wall

A

Sympathetic innervation from T1-L1/L2

26
Q

What do autonomic fibres form within the abdomen

A

Plexuses using fibres from the sympathetic chains around the anterior portion of the aorta

27
Q

What nerve supplies the parasympathetic innervation of the foregut and midgut

A

Vagus nerve; cranial nerve X

28
Q

What nerves supplies the parasympathetic innervation of the midgut

A

Pelvis splanchnic nerves; S1-S4

29
Q

What nodes does lymph from the pelvis travel to

A

Iliac nodes

30
Q

What nodes does lymph from the body wall, kidneys and testes/ovaries travel to

A

Para-aortic (lateral) nodes

31
Q

What nodes does lymph from the digestive tract travel to

A

Pre-aortic nodes

32
Q

Where does the thoracic duct begin

A

At the cisterna chyli, at L1/L2

33
Q

What is the innervation of the lumbar plexus

A

Anterior rami of L1-L4

34
Q

What are the 6 nerves of the lumbar plexus

A
  1. Iliohypogastric
  2. Ilioinguinal
  3. Genitofemoral
  4. Lateral femoral cutaneous
  5. Obturator
    6 Femoral
35
Q

What is the root value of the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves

A

Anterior rami L1

36
Q

What information does the iliohypogastric nerve supply

A
Sensory = Lateral gluteal and pubic skin 
Motor = Internal oblique and transversus abdominis
37
Q

What information does the ilioinguinal nerve supply

A
Sensory = Skin on medial thigh and the scrotum/penis or mons pubis/labia majora
Motor = Internal oblique and transversus abdominis
38
Q

What is the root value of the genitofemoral nerve

A

Anterior rami L1-L2

39
Q

What information does the genitofermoral nerve supply

A
Sensory = Scrotum or mons pubis and skin of the upper anterior thigh
Motor = Cremasteric muscle
40
Q

What is the root value of the lateral cutaneous femoral nerve

A

Anterior rami of L2-:3

41
Q

What information does the lateral cutaneous femoral nerve supply

A

Sensory = Skin on the anterior and lateral thigh

42
Q

What is the root value of the obturator nerve

A

L2-L4

43
Q

What information does the obturator nerve supply

A
Sensory = Skin on medial thigh
Motor = Obturator externus and medial compartment of thigh
44
Q

What is the root value of the femoral nerve

A

L2-L4

45
Q

What information does the femoral nerve supply

A
Sensory = Anterior thigh and lateral leg
Motor = Pectineus and iliacus muscles, and the anterior compartment of the thigh